Search results for "script"
showing 10 items of 5143 documents
Future Perspectives in NNRTI-Based Therapy: Bases for Understanding Their Toxicity
2011
Continuous administration of the drugs included under the term Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) has turned AIDS into a chronic disease, at least in developed countries (Panos et al., 2008). The initial development of these drugs was particularly rapid and focused on clinical efficacy before all other considerations. However, as the disease has come under control, there has been growing emphasis on the long-term adverse effects associated with this therapy. The first drug for the treatment of HIV infection, zidovudine (AZT), was approved in 1987. The number of other antiretroviral drugs already approved for use or under development continues to grow, and the primary aim of resear…
Deciphering the rules underlying xenogeneic silencing and counter-silencing of Lsr2-like proteins
2019
ABSTRACTLsr2-like nucleoid-associated proteins play an important role as xenogeneic silencers (XS) of horizontally acquired genomic regions in actinobacteria. In this study, we systematically analyzed the in vivo constraints underlying silencing and counter-silencing of the Lsr2-like protein CgpS inCorynebacterium glutamicum. Genome-wide analysis revealed binding of CgpS to regions featuring a distinct drop in GC-profile close to the transcription start site (TSS), but also identified an overrepresented motif with multiple A/T steps at the nucleation site of the nucleoprotein complex. Binding of specific transcription factors (TFs) may oppose XS activity leading to counter-silencing. Follow…
Comment les étudiants pourraient réagir face à une hausse du coût de leurs études ?
2014
La théorie économique traditionnelle suppose que les étudiants décident de leurs études en fonction des coûts et des bénéfices anticipés de leur investissement scolaire. L'objectif de notre communication, basée essentiellement sur une recherche empirique, est de s'interroger sur l'information dont disposent les étudiants sur le rendement de leurs études en fonction notamment de leurs caractéristiques scolaires et socioéconomiques, puis leur réaction face à une hausse du coût de leur scolarité. A partir d'une enquête sur 400 étudiants en sciences humaines et sociales d'une université française, nous proposons dans un premier temps d'estimer la rentabilité qu'ils attribuent à leur projet scol…
De la préprofessionnalisation à l'entrée à l'IUFM : parcours et orientation vers le professorat des écoles
1994
Cet article étudie l'influence de la préprofessionnalisation et de l'allocation d'année préparatoire sur les inscriptions à l'IUFM, dans le cadre de l'université de Bourgogne. Cette influence est d'abord appréhendée en termes d'effectifs : une majorité d'étudiants admis à l'IUFM a suivi l'option de prépro. D'un point de vue plus qualitatif, le profil de formation est largement dominé par la filière sciences humaines. L'attrait de la pré-formation et du pré-recrutement est confirmé par des entretiens avec quelques étudiants de l'IUFM qui témoignent parallèlement de leurs motivations pour l'enseignement.
Reciprocal regulation of the human sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)-1a promoter by Sp1 and EGR-1 transcription factors.
2007
AbstractSterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)-1a is a transcription factor that is highly expressed in actively growing cells, and is involved in the biosynthesis of cholesterol, fatty acids and phospholipids. We have mapped the minimal human SREBP-1a promoter region to 75bp upstream of the translation start site where we discovered a functional role for the 3 GC-boxes containing overlapping sites for the Sp1 and EGR-1 transcription factors. Intact SP1-binding sites are essential for promoter activity, whereas EGR-1 suppresses the transcription of the human SREBP-1a promoter. These results reveal a novel physiologically relevant transcriptional mechanism for the reciprocal regul…
A two-scale approach to electron correlation in multiconfigurational perturbation theory.
2014
We present a new approach for the calculation of dynamic electron correlation effects in large molecular systems using multiconfigurational second-order perturbation theory (CASPT2). The method is restricted to cases where partitioning of the molecular system into an active site and an environment is meaningful. Only dynamic correlation effects derived from orbitals extending over the active site are included at the CASPT2 level of theory, whereas the correlation effects of the environment are retrieved at lower computational costs. For sufficiently large systems, the small errors introduced by this approximation are contrasted by the substantial savings in both storage and computational de…
Viral marketing through e-mail: the link company-consumer
2013
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify the antecedents that may determine the opening of e-mails from companies that endeavour to promote their products, and what may motivate individuals to forward such messages to others. Design/methodology/approach – The paper presents exploratory research to approach the nature of the viral process and descriptive research for testing the proposed hypotheses. Findings – The opening of an e-mail is determined by the value that an individual may perceive that the message might contain. Forwarding of the message is determined by its opening, and by the individual's perception about the value of the message it may provide to others, besides the…
Molecular monitoring of inactivation efficiencies of bacteria during pulsed electric field treatment of clinical wastewater
2008
Aims: The applicability of an alternative wastewater disinfection concept based on the pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment is tested with molecular biology techniques using clinical wastewaters. Methods and Results: Hospital wastewater was treated with the PEF technology. The inactivation efficiencies of bacteria were successfully monitored with real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). As the differentiation between living and dead bacterial cells is important for the determination of the disinfection efficiency, propidium monoazide (PMA) was applied. PMA selectively penetrates cells with compromised membranes and intercalates into the DNA inhibiting a subsequent PCR amplification. Th…
Is activated hemocyanin instead of phenoloxidase involved in immune response in woodlice?
2008
In the Common woodlouse Porcellio scaber (Crustacea: Isopoda: Oniscidea), experimental immune challenge did not induce the expression of pro-phenoloxidase that, in most other invertebrates studied thus far, can be activated into phenoloxidase via an activation cascade upon immune challenge. Instead, Porcellio hemocyanin proved to exhibit catecholoxidase activity upon activation. However, none of the activating factors known from other invertebrates other than SDS-treatment resulted in activation of hemocyanin into a functional phenoloxidase in vitro. The distinct characteristics of isopod hemocyanin are reflected by the quaternary structure of the hemocyanin dodecamers that differs from tha…
IL-6 stimulates annexin 1 expression and translocation and suggests a new biological role as class II acute phase protein.
1998
Annexin 1 (Ax 1), a protein whose synthesis and secretion are induced during the inflammatory response, has been proposed as a mediator of the anti-inflammatory action of glucocorticoids. To gain insight into a broader role of Ax 1 during the inflammatory response, the authors have investigated how pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)] affect Ax 1 expression and regulation at transcriptional and translational levels. The authors show that induction of the Ax 1 protein and its translocation to the cell membrane are stimulated by interleukin 6. However neither IL-1 nor TNF-alpha display these effects. Analysis of 5'-deletion mutan…