Search results for "serotype"
showing 10 items of 130 documents
Genetic Variability and Antigenic Diversity of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus
1990
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an acute systemic disease of cloven-hooved animals, including cattle, swine, sheep, and goats. Despite mortality rates being generally below 5%, FMD severely decreases livestock productivity and trade. It is considered the economically most important disease of farm animals. Near two thousand million doses of vaccine are used annually to try to control FMD, which, nevertheless, is enzootic in most South American and African countries, parts of Asia, the Middle East, and the south of Europe. The causative agent, foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), is an aphthovirus of the family Picornaviridae, a historically important virus as it was the first recognized vir…
Correlation between serovars of Bacillus thuringiensis and type I beta-exotoxin production.
2003
beta-Exotoxin is a thermostable metabolite produced by some strains of Bacillus thuringiensis. Because of vertebrate toxicity, most commercial preparations of B. thuringiensis are prepared from isolates that do not produce beta-exotoxin. The aim of the present study was to find out the possible relationship between serovars of B. thuringiensis and beta-exotoxin production. A specific HPLC assay for type I beta-exotoxin has been used to detect this exotoxin in supernatants from final whole cultures of 100 strains belonging to four serovars of B. thuringiensis: thuringiensis, kurstaki, aizawai, and morrisoni. For each serovar, 25 strains randomly chosen from two Spanish collections were analy…
Distribution of cryl, cryll and cryV Genes within Bacillus thuringiensis Isolates from Spain
1999
Summary Using a PCR-based approach, a collection of 223 isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis from Spain was screened for the presence of cry genes belonging to three families. Genes from the cryI , cryII and cryV families were found in 54%, 42%, and 66% of the isolates, respectively. Only 23% of the isolates did not show the presence of any of the genes tested. Frequencies of these genes were compared in isolates from soil samples and from samples of cereal stores and mills, being this higher in the latter. Specific primers were used to detect cryIA(a), cryIA(b), cryIA(c), cryIA(d), cryIA(e), cryIB, cryIC, cryID, cryIE, cryIF and cryIG genes. Within the cryI family, the most frequent gene was…
Identification and characterization of the new Bacillus thuringiensis serovars pirenaica (serotype H57) and iberica (serotype H59)
1999
Two new Bacillus thuringiensis strains have been classified by the H antigen of the cells and differentiated by their morphological, biochemical and molecular characteristics. The flagellar agglutination showed that both strains bore specific H antigens which allowed their classification as the new serotypes H57 and H59. The serovar names proposed for the type strains characterized in this work are B. thuringiensis ser. pirenaica, for the H serotype 57, and B. thuringiensis ser. iberica, for the H serotype 59. Further characterization of these strains, by means of SDS-PAGE, Western inmunodetection, plasmid profile and cry-gene identification by polymerase chain reaction, confirmed the origi…
Isolation of Vibrio vulnificus Serovar E from Aquatic Habitats in Taiwan
1999
ABSTRACT The existence of strains of Vibrio vulnificus serovar E that are avirulent for eels is reported in this work. These isolates were recovered from water and oysters and differed from eel virulent strains in (i) fermentation and utilization of mannitol, (ii) ribotyping after Hin dIII digestion, and (iii) susceptibility to eel serum. Lipopolysaccharide of these strains lacked the highest molecular weight immunoreactive bands, which are probably involved in serum resistance.
Ovine Catarrhal fever (bluetongue): Analysis of Culicoides species in seropositive farms
2010
Bluetongue (BT) is an orbiviral disease of wild and domestic ruminants, mainly sheep. In Sicily, the first Bluetongue outbreak occurred in October 2000; there have been 76 recorded outbreaks so far. The National Surveillance Plan, based on European Union Commission Decision 138/2001/CE, establishes serological and entomological surveys. This plan consists of controls of seronegative cattle, called 'sentry' as indicators for the presence and circulation of virus in defined areas. To check the seroconversions, the regional territory has been subdivided in 400 km2 areas including 58 seronegative cattle, periodically checked by serological tests. All positive sera have been tested to detect the…
Characterization ofBacillus thuringiensisserovarbolivia(serotype H63), a novel serovar isolated from the Bolivian high valleys
1999
The type strain Bacillus thuringiensis var. bolivia (serotype H63), isolated from the Bolivian high valleys, has been characterized at different levels. Its parasporal crystal has an unusual shape and it is composed of a protein of 155 kDa which shows two bands of 75 and 80 kDa after activation. Analysis by PCR shows the presence of cry1 genes, and amplification with specific primers gave products for cry1 E, cry1 D, cry4 A and cry4 B with sizes different to those expected. Immunoblotting tests showed positive reaction for Cry1 E, Cry3 A, Cry4 A and Cry11 A crystal proteins. The plasmid pattern revealed two large and two small plasmids. Toxicity tests were performed against 14 insects and a…
Host glycoprotein Gp96 and scavenger receptor SREC interact with PorB of disseminating Neisseria gonorrhoeae in an epithelial invasion pathway.
2007
Neisseria gonorrhoeae expresses numerous surface proteins that mediate bacterial adherence and invasion during infection. Gonococci expressing serotype A of the major outer membrane porin PorB (PorB(IA)) are frequently isolated from patients with severe disseminating infections. PorB(IA) triggers efficient adherence and invasion under low phosphate conditions mimicking systemic bloodstream infections. Here, we identify the human heat shock glycoprotein Gp96 and the scavenger receptor SREC as PorB(IA)-specific receptors. Gonococci expressing PorB(IA), but not those expressing PorB serotype B instead, bind to purified native or recombinant Gp96. Depletion of Gp96 from host cells prevented adh…
First description of nonmotileVibrio vulnificusstrains virulent for eels
2007
Nonmotile Vibrio vulnificus strains were isolated as pure cultures from body ulcers and internal organs of wild diseased European eels caught in a Mediterranean freshwater coastal lagoon. All 54 V. vulnificus isolates were nonmotile, indole-, ornithine decarboxilase-, mannitol- and cellobiose-positive, developed the opaque variant in culture, belonged to the O-antigenic serovar A and were highly virulent for eels by both intraperitoneal injection and immersion challenges. The nonmotile phenotype found in our V. vulnificus isolates was stable: nonmotile cells were always recovered from experimentally infected eels; no variation in the immobility of the V. vulnificus cells was observed for re…
Acidic Monosaccharides become Incorporated into Calcite Single Crystals*.
2020
Streptococcus suis is an encapsulated bacterium and one of the most important swine pathogens and a zoonotic agent for which no effective vaccine exists. Bacterial capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) are poorly immunogenic, but anti-CPS antibodies are essential to the host defense against encapsulated bacteria. In addition to the previously known serotypes 2 and 14, that are non-immunogenic, we have recently purified and described the CPS structures for serotypes 1, 1/2, 3, 7, 8, and 9. Here, we aimed to elucidate how these new structurally diverse CPSs interact with the immune system to generate anti-CPS antibody responses. CPS-stimulated dendritic cells produced significant levels of C–C moti…