Search results for "small dense LDL."
showing 10 items of 22 documents
Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Disease: An Update on the Clinical Significance of Atherogenic Small, Dense LDL and New Therapeutical Options
2021
Dyslipidemia is a potent risk factor for the genesis and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and both the concentration and type of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) augment this association. The small, dense LDL (sdLDL) subfraction is the subtype which is most strongly predictive of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. In addition to the traditionally available lipid-lowering treatment options, certain novel therapies have been shown to favorably impact sdLDL, among them the antidiabetic class of agents known as glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RAs). These drugs seem to alter the pathophysiologic mechanisms responsible for the formation and accumulation of athero…
Small, dense LDL: An update
2017
Purpose of review In this review, we summarize the latest findings on small, dense LDL (sdLDL) atherogenic particles, including their associations with other biomarkers. Recent findings Increased sdLDL levels have been reported not only in different metabolic disorders such as diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome, but also in patients with rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis as well as hypothyroidism. A wide range of lipid-lowering, as well as other drug classes, including novel antidiabetic agents and nutraceuticals, exert favourable effects on these atherogenic particles. The 'gold standard' methodology for the assessment of sdLDL has not been established yet. However, the association …
Oxidative stress and small, dense low-density lipoproteins: current and future perspectives
2019
Small, dense low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) are more susceptible to oxidation than their larger, more buoyant counterparts and therefore the biological modification of these LDL particles may, in part, be responsible for their atherogenic properties. Kotani et al. found that at multiple regression analysis there was an independent and significant inverse correlation between the mean LDL particle size and the oxidative stress status; notably, the authors adjusted not only for the traditional cardiovascular risk factors, but also for drug treatments. Higher levels of small, dense LDL concentrations significantly contribute to atherosclerosis, and lipoprotein size and subfractions may refine …
The effects of ezetimibe on LDL-cholesterol: quantitative or qualitative changes ?
2009
Ezetimibe represents the first of a new class of agents, the cholesterol absorption inhibitors, able to reduce low-density lipoproteins (LDL)-cholesterol by 15-25% from baseline in monotherapy and on top of statins and fibrates. To-date all the data regarding the efficacy of ezetimibe comes from the studies of its lipid-lowering power. Yet, recent findings from the ENHANCE study on atherosclerosis progression showed that the addition of ezetimibe to simvastatin in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia did not affect the mean change in carotid intima-media thickness, although a significant reduction in LDL-cholesterol levels was present. Therefore, we cannot exclude that e…
Atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype and LDL size and subclasses in drug-naïve patients with early rheumatoid arthritis.
2009
Abstract Objective : Subjects with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have increased cardiovascular risk and may show atherogenic forms of dyslipidemia. The present study investigated whether patients with early RA, beyond alterations in plasma lipids, also show lower LDL size and altered LDL subclass distribution. Design and Methods We identified 25 subjects with RA (47±8 years, body mass index (BMI) 25±4kg/m 2 ) by the American College of Rheumatology diagnostic criteria, with a disease durations Results As compared to controls RA patients had higher plasma triglycerides (1.8±0.5 vs. 1.0±0.5mmol/L, p p =0.0027), while total- and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were similar. LDL particle size was lo…
LDL size and subclasses in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm
2009
Abstract Since the type of dyslipidemia in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is still insufficiently defined, we measured plasma lipids and analyzed LDL size and subclasses by gradient gel electrophoresis in 30 male patients (69±6 years, BMI: 27±3) with newly diagnosed AAA and in 26 age- and BMI-matched male healthy controls. Patients with AAA had lower HDL-cholesterol ( p p =.0002) and smaller LDL size ( p p =.0210) in relation to controls. Multivariate analysis also showed that small LDL size was independently associated with the presence of AAA ( p =.0350). Increased levels of small, dense LDL may therefore represent a common feature in patients with AAA.
Lipid triad or atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype: a role in cardiovascular prevention?
2005
The term "lipid triad" or "atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype" has been introduced to describe a common form of dyslipidemia, characterized by three lipid abnormalities: increased plasma triglyceride levels, decreased HDL-cholesterol concentrations and the presence of small, dense LDL particles. It has been suggested that the clinical importance of the atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype probably exceeds that of LDL-cholesterol, because many more patients with coronary artery disease are found to have this trait than hypercholesterolaemia. There is a body of evidence that therapies effective against plasma HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides are associated with a strong reduction of cardiovascul…
The clinical significance of the size of low-density-lipoproteins and the modulation of subclasses by fibrates
2007
Beyond total low-density-lipoproteins (LDL) levels, increasing evidence suggests that the 'quality' of LDL exerts a great influence on the cardiovascular risk. Several studies have also shown that the therapeutic modulation of LDL size is of benefit in reducing the risk of cardiovascular events. Hypolipidaemic treatment is able to alter LDL subclass distribution but strong variations have been noticed among different agents. Fibrates have a major impact on triglyceride metabolism and in modulating LDL size and subclasses, but variations exist among the different molecules.A literature search (by Medline and Scopus) was performed using the following headings: 'small dense LDL', 'LDL size', '…
Tratamiento integral de la dislipidemia diabética: beneficios y nuevas alternativas terapéuticas
2010
Diabetic dyslipidemia, characterized by the lipid triad (elevated plasma triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol and predominance of small, dense LDL particles), is a significant contributor to the elevated cardiovascular risk of type 2 diabetic patients. Statin monotherapy has shown, in different prospective trials, significant reductions in cardiovascular events and mortality. However, the residual risk in these subjects remains elevated, probably due to the incomplete control of diabetic dyslipidemia. In this review we discuss the global therapeutic approach, underlying the need of combining statins with agents that more effective in reducing triglycerides and elevating HDL cholesterol, even …
Update on the role of the atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype in cardiovascular prevention
2009
Higher plasma triglyceride levels and decreased HDL-cholesterol concentrations are usually accompanied by the presence of small, dense LDL in the so-called lipid triad or ‘atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype’. This phenotype is highly atherogenic and its prevalence may suggest an even higher overall burden of atherosclerotic disease as compared with that associated with hypercholesterolemia. As stated by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III, there is evidence suggesting each component of this lipid triad is individually atherogenic. However, the relative contribution of each component cannot be easily determined. Therefore, it has been suggested to consider th…