Search results for "small intestine"
showing 10 items of 94 documents
Fermentation Products of Commensal Bacteria Alter Enterocyte Lipid Metabolism
2020
eferred to byJia Wen, John F. RawlsFeeling the Burn: Intestinal Epithelial Cells Modify Their Lipid Metabolism in Response to Bacterial Fermentation ProductsCell Host & Microbe, Volume 27, Issue 3, 11 March 2020, Pages 314-316; International audience; Despite the recognized capacity of the gut microbiota to regulate intestinal lipid metabolism, the role of specific commensal species remains undefined. Here, we aimed to understand the bacterial effectors and molecular mechanisms by which Lactobacillus paracasei and Escherichia coli regulate lipid metabolism in enterocytes. We show that L-lactate produced by L. paracasei inhibits chylomicron secretion from enterocytes and promotes lipid stora…
Characterization of intestinal absorption of C -glycoside flavonoid vicenin-2 from Lychnophora ericoides leafs in rats by nonlinear mixed effects mod…
2015
Vicenin-2 (apigenin-6,8-di-C-β-d-glucopyranoside) is present in hydroalcoholic extracts of the Brazilian species Lychnophora ericoides Mart., Asteraceae, leaves, and the biological effects of this compound have been demonstrated including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-tumor effects in rat models. Given the potential of this compound as a pharmacological agent, the aims of this investigation were to evaluate the extent of intestinal absorption of vicenin-2, and to determine the intestinal permeation profile using an in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion technique. A validated HPLC–UV method was applied to measure the amount of unabsorbed vicenin-2 in the gut after an oral admini…
In vitro glucuronidation of 7-hydroxycoumarin derivatives in intestine and liver microsomes of Beagle dogs
2019
Beagle dog is a standard animal model for evaluating nonclinical pharmacokinetics of new drug candidates. Glucuronidation in intestine and liver is an important first-pass drug metabolic pathway, especially for phenolic compounds. This study evaluated the glucuronidation characteristics of several 7-hydroxycoumarin derivatives in beagle dog's intestine and liver in vitro. To this end, glucuronidation rates of 7-hydroxycoumarin (compound 1), 7-hydroxy-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin (2), 6-methoxy-7-hydroxycoumarin (3), 7-hydroxy-3-(4-tolyl)coumarin (4), 3-(4-fluorophenyl)coumarin (5), 7-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)coumarin (6), 7-hydroxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)coumarin (7), and 7-hydroxy-3-(1H-1,2,4-t…
Mécanisme d’absorption intestinale des acides gras à longue chaîne : rôle émergent du CD36
2012
International audience; Excessive lipid intake, associated with a qualitative imbalance, favors the development of obesity and associated diseases. Among the organs involved in lipid homeostasis, the small intestine remains the most poorly known although it is responsible for the lipid bioavailability and largely contributes to the regulation of postprandial hypertriglyceridemia. The mechanism of long chain fatty acid (LCFA) intestinal absorption is not totally elucidated. The synthesis of recent literature indicates that the intestine is able to adapt its absorption capacity to the fat content of the diet. This adaptation takes place through a fat-coordinated induction of LBP and apolipopr…
A small-bowel segment as a total extrahepatic bile duct replacement.
1992
• The effect of a small-bowel segment as a total extrahepatic bile duct replacement, with preservation of the bile passage through the papilla of Vater, was examined in 12 pigs followed up for 420 days. No complications during or after surgery were observed in any of the animals. The laboratory parameters were within normal range during the entire observation period. No anastomotic stenosis was evident on percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography in animals examined 2, 6, or 12 months after surgery. The intrahepatic biliary tract was not dilated. There was obvious peristalsis of the grafted small-bowel toward the papilla of Vater. Autopsies showed that the grafts had healed without any sign…
Studies on l-arginase in developing rat small intestine, brain, and kidney
1986
The influences of hydrocortisone and thyroxine on the developmental changes of arginase activity in intestine, kidney, and brain of suckling rats were studied. A single injection of hydrocortisone (50 mg/kg) into rats aged 9 days evoked premature increase of jejunal arginase activity due to precocious formation of arginase A4. Arginase A4 can be detected about 48 hr after hydrocortisone injection, whereas in intact rats the enzyme appears in the intestinal mucosa on the 19th-21st days of postnatal life. After hydrocortisone administration to rats aged 6 days, a similar pattern of arginase activity in jejunum was observed. Under the same conditions, the influence of hydrocortisone on kidney …
Effects of chronic alcohol consumption on enzyme activities and active methionine absorption in the small intestine of pregnant rats.
1996
The present study evaluates the effect of chronic alcohol intake on the intestinal transport of methionine during pregnancy. For this purpose, we have used an in vitro technique that allows measurement of the unidirectional influx of the amino acids across the brush-border membrane of the rat mid-jejunum, and the basolateral membrane enzyme Na+, K+-ATPase was also evaluated in the duodenum and jejunum. For chronic alcohol treatment, the rats were fed a liquid diet containing ethanol (36% of calories) or an isocaloric diet-(pair-fed control) for 5 weeks before and during pregnancy. Animals were killed at 21 days of gestation. Results from the kinetic analysis revealed that chronic ethanol tr…
Die retraktile Mesenteritis*: Diagnostische und therapeutische Aspekte
2008
An 18-year-old boy, who had severe abdominal pain for 18 months associated with marked weight loss, was found to have a stenosed ileal sling on double-contrast radiology of the small intestine. At operation a plate-like tumour was extending from the pancreas to the aortic bifurcation. Histological examination of removed tissue revealed retractile mesenteritis (mesenteric panniculitis; liposclerotic mesenteritis). The symptoms regressed and the patient again gained weight under immunotherapy with 1 mg/kg of prednisone and 2 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide daily. Subsequently, under prednisone alone, there was a recurrence, which responded within five weeks to daily 60 mg prednisone and 125 mg cycl…
Minimal Lesions of the Small Intestinal Mucosa: More than Morphology
2020
Minimal lesions of the small bowel are mucosal changes characterized by an increased number of intraepithelial lymphocytes (with or without crypt hyperplasia) and normal villous architecture. Such changes are associated with a wide spectrum of conditions, ranging from food intolerances to infections, and from drugs to immune diseases, with different clinical profiles and manifestations, which complicates the formulation of a differential diagnosis. Patient history, symptom evaluation, and histopathology are the diagnostic features needed to establish a correct diagnosis. Physicians should assist pathologists in formulating a precise morphological evaluation by taking well-oriented small int…
Intestinal melanoma: A broad spectrum of clinical presentation
2011
Abstract INTRODUCTION Small intestine melanomas are rare and the most of them are metastases from primary cutaneous neoplasms. PRESENTATION OF CASE Below, we report two cases of small intestine metastatic melanoma with very different clinical presentation. DISCUSSION Still now, primary versus metastatic origin is often unclear. Small bowel melanoma is often asymptomatic. However, clinical picture can be various; it may occurs with non specific symptoms and signs of gastro-intetstinal involvement, like chronic abdominal pain, occult or gross bleeding and weight loss, or with an emergency picture due to intestinal intussusception, obstruction or, rarely, perforation. CONCLUSION Small bowel me…