Search results for "smoking."
showing 10 items of 631 documents
Redes de colaboración científica internacional en tabaquismo: análisis de coautorías mediante el Science Citation Index durante el periodo 1999-2003
2009
ResumenObjetivoEl objetivo de este trabajo fue establecer los patrones de colaboración científica internacional y la visibilidad que genera la coautoría de artículos sobre tabaquismo en relación a países, a través del Science Citation Index-Expanded (SCI-Expanded) en el periodo de 1999 a 2003.Material y métodosSe seleccionaron los artículos de colaboración sobre tabaquismo entre países en SCI-Expanded (1999-2003). Se analizaron las redes de colaboración subyacente entre países, comparando su productividad (número de artículos producidos), su visibilidad (número de citas recibidas) y centralidad (grado nodal, intermediación y proximidad).ResultadosSe recuperaron 3.484 artículos en los que ha…
An immunohistochemical study of the distribution of p 16 protein in oral mucosa in smokers, non-smokers and in frictional keratosis
2009
Objective: Our study aimed to characterize alteration in the immunohistochemical p16 expression in normal oral mucosa and non-neoplastic hyperproliferative disorders (i.e. frictional keratosis and mucosa from smokers). Study design: 43 specimen of oral mucosa were examined using immunohistochemistry. Results: In normal mucosa, there was strong positive nuclear staining in a proportion of fibroblasts and endothelial cells in the lamina propria, with variable expression in nuclei of the epithelial layer. However, when the patient?s tobacco smoking was examined, p16 nuclear staining in oral epithelium was seen in 4/20 (20%) of smokers and 0/23 (0%) of non-smokers. In every case of frictional k…
Accuracy of cotinine serum test to detect the smoking habit and its association with periodontal disease in a multicenter study
2016
Background The validity of the surveys on self-reported smoking status is often questioned because smokers underestimate cigarette use and deny the habit. It has been suggested that self-report should be accompanied by cotinine test. This report evaluates the usefulness of serum cotinine test to assess the association between smoking and periodontal status in a study with a large sample population to be used in studies with other serum markers in epidemiologic and periodontal medicine researches. Material and Methods 578 patients who were part of a multicenter study on blood biomarkers were evaluated about smoking and its relation to periodontal disease. Severity of periodontal disease was …
Smoking, health and ageing.
2008
Abstract On March 19, 2008 a Symposium on Pathophysiology of Ageing and Age-Related diseases was held in Palermo, Italy. Here, the lecture of V. Nicita-Mauro on Smoking, health and ageing is summarized. Smoking represents an important ageing accelerator, both directly by triggering ana inflammatory responses, and indirectly by favoring the occurrence of several diseases where smoking is a recognized risk factor. Hence, non-smokers can delay the appearance of diseases and of ageing process, so attaining longevity.
Epidemiology of intensive care unit-acquired sepsis in Italy: Results of the SPIN-UTI network
2018
Background. Sepsis is the major cause of mortality from any infectious disease worldwide. Sepsis may be the result of a healthcare associated infection (HAI): the most frequent adverse events during care delivery especially in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). The main aim of the present study was to describe the epidemiology of ICU-acquired sepsis and related outcomes among patients enrolled in the framework of the Italian Nosocomial Infections Surveillance in ICUs - SPIN-UTI project. Study design. Prospective multicenter study. Methods. The SPIN-UTI network adopted the European protocols for patient-based HAI surveillance. Results. During the five editions of the SPIN-UTI project, from 2008 to…
In vitro contamination of hair by marijuana smoke.
2004
Abstract Background: The deposition of cannabinoids on/into hair from environmental smoke can be considered as a potential source of drug findings in hair. We studied external uptake of cannabinoids from marijuana smoke, investigating possible influencing factors on drug uptake and the efficiency of decontamination procedures. Methods: Strands of a natural hair sample were moistened with water, greased with sebum or sebum/sweat, or bleached or permed. Treated and untreated samples were exposed to marijuana smoke for 60 min. Aliquots of each hair strand were either kept unwashed or were washed with methanol, dichloromethane, or 5 g/L dodecyl sulfate in water. Cannabinoid concentrations in un…
Monitoring of the smoking process by multicommutation Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy
2007
Abstract Nicotine was selected as the target molecule for monitoring of the smoking process by multicommutation Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The method involved the use of CHCl3 for on-line extraction of nicotine from tobacco, cigarette filters and tobacco ash from NH4OH alkalinized samples, and absorbance measurement of the characteristic band at 1316 cm−1 in the stopped-flow mode, by obtaining the peak area in the range between 1334 and 1300 cm−1. Under the best operational conditions, the procedure developed provided a detection limit of 0.05 mg mL−1 nicotine, corresponding to 0.5 mg g−1 in the solid sample, a relative standard deviation less than 2.5%, and a sampling …
Understanding the Experiences of Heavy Smokers after Exercise
2015
There is now strong evidence that exercise has an acute effect on the urge to smoke and the accompanying withdrawal symptoms. However, the perceptions by heavy smokers of exercise and its relationship to the urge to smoke have not been well documented. The aim of the present study is to understand the experiences of heavy smokers with regard to exercise and its effect on their urge to smoke. Five physically inactive, heavy smokers are asked to abstain from smoking the night before exercising on a cycle ergometer under two conditions (one at medium and one at vigorous intensity done a week apart). Semi-structured, in-depth interviews are conducted after the second exercise session. Thematic …
An initial investigation of smokers’ urges to smoke and their exercise intensity preference: A mixed-methods approach
2016
The purpose of this study was to examine whether smokers preferred a “self-selected” form of physical activity (PA) in which they were allowed to determine themselves the intensity of PA or preferred a “set” form of PA in which the instructor chose the exercise intensity for them. In addition, we examined effects of ‘set” and “self-selected” intensity exercise, on urges to smoke. Participants were 20 (mean age = 27.10 ± 7.37) adults, non-physically active, heavy smokers. Four of them were also interviewed. Results demonstrated that smokers exhibited an enhanced preference for “self-selected” forms of PA as opposed to “set” forms of PA. Smoking urge was significantly lower immediately after…
Has something changed in the smoking attitudes of parents in the household in the last 15 years? Epidemiological survey among the students of the cit…
2012
BACKGROUND: Exposure of children to passive tobacco smoking in the household setting has been demonstrated to cause respiratory diseases. Early atherosclerosis has also been demonstrated in young people previously exposed to passive tobacco smoking. Functional damage can initiate at the fetal age due to maternal smoking, with a tendency towards over-time progress. To date only scant data are available about indoor parental smoking attitudes and their changes after campaigns against smoke and risk factors in exposed youths. Questionnaires are useful tools in order to search for information on cigarette smoking and parental household lifestyle. In this study, we asked pupils of primary school…