Search results for "social system"

FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITIES OF LATVIA’S SOCIAL SYSTEM AGAINST THE BACKDROP OF CRISIS

2010

Latvian social system is ahead of serious financial problems. The article analyses causes and beginnings of the crisis, in the context of the 1st budget level of social systems in relation to the national budget, as well as the negative impact of the state budget on the social security budget for the financial future. The government also discussed the measures taken by the social system of financial regulation and their impact on society's social environment. Recommendations have been developed for improvement of the situation.

The European Round Table of Industrialists and the restructuring of European higher education

2014

The restructuring of European higher education (EHE) since the 1980s is a widely studied subject. However, this paper argues that previous studies have paid insufficient attention to the role of transnational policy-making groups in this complex and multilevel process. This argument is supported by focusing on how the European Round Table of Industrialists (ERT) has participated in this restructuring since the mid-1980s. This paper's focus is especially in two ERT documents that were published in the 1980s. The main finding is that the current restructuring of EHE reflects interests of the ERT that represents the emerging transnational capitalist class (TCC) at European level.

Innovation: transforming hierarchies in South Asia

2014

This special issue examines innovation as social change in South Asia. From an anthropological micro perspective, innovation is moulded by social systems of value and hierarchy and simultaneously potentially transforms them. The articles in this special issue examine a number of innovations in South Asian contexts: the printing press's changing technology and its intersections with communal and language ideologies in India (Peterson); mobile telephony, gender, and kinship in West Bengal (Tenhunen); microcredit and its relationship with social capital in Bangladesh (Uddin); imbalanced sex ratios and the future of marriage payments in north-western India (Jeffery); and how alternative dispute…

Cyber World as a Social System

2015

The increasing applying of information and communication technology is transforming the society into an unknown ground of the continuously evolving cyber world. This challenges the actors of the society and has increased complexity. The purpose of this chapter is to form a hypothesis about how to identify patterns i.e., emergent phenomena about the cyber world for developing security in the society. The cyber world is considered as a complex adaptive system. A system modelling approach to complex adaptive systems is briefly outlined and a social system model of a society is introduced as a content analysis method to complex adaptive systems. The model is populated with a small set of empiri…

Insights into SoRa: A Reference Architecture for Cyber-physical Social Systems in the Industry 4.0 Era

2020

Situation Understanding for Operational Art in Cyber Operations

2016

This paper presents a theoretically motivated framework and methodology that has been designed for finding out the emergent phenomena and information needs for planning and decision-making. The approach is based on complexity thinking, system modeling, communication and cognition philosophy, social system theories and content analysis research technique. It provides results with the analysis of quite small sets of information. The paper demonstrates the approach with a case study. The study was performed in an international cyber experiment of the Multinational Capability Development Campaign (MCDC) 2013-2014. The case study shows that the proposed approach is plausible for increasing under…

Multi-scale analysis of the European airspace using network community detection

2014

We show that the European airspace can be represented as a multi-scale traffic network whose nodes are airports, sectors, or navigation points and links are defined and weighted according to the traffic of flights between the nodes. By using a unique database of the air traffic in the European airspace, we investigate the architecture of these networks with a special emphasis on their community structure. We propose that unsupervised network community detection algorithms can be used to monitor the current use of the airspaces and improve it by guiding the design of new ones. Specifically, we compare the performance of three community detection algorithms, also by using a null model which t…

Statistically validated mobile communication networks: the evolution of motifs in European and Chinese data

2014

Big data open up unprecedented opportunities to investigate complex systems including the society. In particular, communication data serve as major sources for computational social sciences but they have to be cleaned and filtered as they may contain spurious information due to recording errors as well as interactions, like commercial and marketing activities, not directly related to the social network. The network constructed from communication data can only be considered as a proxy for the network of social relationships. Here we apply a systematic method, based on multiple hypothesis testing, to statistically validate the links and then construct the corresponding Bonferroni network, gen…

Signaled and Silenced Aspects of Nuclear Safety: A Critical Evaluation of International Nuclear Safety Thinking

2015

This article provides a critical analysis of safety-related assumptions and practices in international nuclear safety regulation, together with an overview of those aspects of safety that have been either signaled or silenced. The data consist of safety reports from the IAEA, OECD NEA and Western European Nuclear Regulators Association (WENRA), as well as from the national stress tests reports of the United Kingdom and Finland. For theoretical tools, we draw on the concept of a dominant co-operative scheme, and on some parts of Luhmann's Theory of Social Systems. The method is content analysis. We argue that the prevailing thoughts on safety by the international nuclear safety organizations…

Germany: Where Have We Been?

2012

Germany’s health system organization is based on three major principles: compulsory insurance, compulsory contributions from both employers and employees and solidarity. A vast majority of German citizens follow the idea that health risks should be shared collectively by the community of all insured persons [9]. Irrespective of the amount each person had paid into the social system, all have access to comprehensive coverage. In order to understand Germany’s peculiarities in health policy, this chapter provides an introduction into Germany’s model of health care and then discusses which kinds of resource allocation strategies already have evolved. The second chapter deals with prospects for …