Search results for "sociality"
showing 10 items of 84 documents
Molecular regulation of lifespan extension in fertile ant workers.
2021
The evolution of sociality in insects caused a divergence in lifespan between reproductive and non-reproductive castes. Ant queens can live for decades, while most workers survive only weeks to a few years. In most organisms, longevity is traded-off with reproduction, but in social insects, these two life-history traits are positively linked. Once fertility is induced in workers, e.g. by queen removal, worker lifespan increases. The molecular regulation of this positive link between fecundity and longevity and generally the molecular underpinnings of caste-specific senescence are not well understood. Here, we investigate the transcriptomic regulation of lifespan and reproduction in fat bod…
Maschilità “detenute”. Fare e disfare le maschilità in carcere
2022
Gender is a cultural product that is constructed, negotiated, performed within specific arenas equipped with peculiar symbol systems. Masculinity will be the main topic discussed in this article. Trying to question the naturalizing association of masculinity and violent conduct/crime, we will focus on the construction of an ideal masculine identity which puts emphasis on doing masculinity doing deviant behavior/crime. Finally, we will observe a specific arena – what can be defined as the field of penitentiary – in which different representations of gender compete to acquire power, to alleviate the frustration and to reconstruct their own erotic-sexual dimension. Taking that masculinity is b…
The communication of melancholy, grief, and fear in dance with and without music
2020
Professional dancers were video recorded dancing with the intention of expressing melancholy, grief, or fear. We used these recordings as stimuli in two studies designed to investigate the perception and sociality of melancholy, grief, and fear expressions during unimodal (dancing in silence) and multimodal (dancing to music) conditions. In Study 1, viewers rated their perceptions of social connection among the dancers in these videos. In Study 2, the same videos were coded for the amount of time that dancers spent in physical contact. Results revealed that dancers expressing grief and fear exhibited more social interactions than dancers expressing melancholy. Combined with the findings of …
The age and evolution of sociality in Stegodyphus spiders: a molecular phylogenetic perspective
2006
Social, cooperative breeding behaviour is rare in spiders and generally characterized by inbreeding, skewed sex ratios and high rates of colony turnover, processes that when combined may reduce genetic variation and lower individual fitness quickly. On these grounds, social spider species have been suggested to be unstable in evolutionary time, and hence sociality a rare phenomenon in spiders. Based on a partial molecular phylogeny of the genus Stegodyphus , we address the hypothesis that social spiders in this genus are evolutionary transient. We estimate the age of the three social species, test whether they represent an ancestral or derived state and assess diversification relative to s…
Opposing Forces of Social Attraction and Social Avoidance Drive Network Modularity
2020
SUMMARY: How interactions between individuals contribute to the emergence of complex societies is a major question in biology. Nonetheless, little remains known about how simple rules of social attraction (e.g. to information) and social avoidance (e.g. of disease) interact to shape sociality. We developed an individual-based model where individuals choose with whom to interact depending on the status of group mates (informed and/or infected). Statistical models indicate that the emergence of social structure depends on the cost/benefit trade-offs underlying the system. Critically, pressures that optimize social relationships – i.e. minimize risky connections while favouring those that maxi…
Queen loss increases worker survival in leaf-cutting ants under paraquat-induced oxidative stress
2021
Longevity is traded off with fecundity in most solitary species, but the two traits are positively linked in social insects. In ants, the most fecund individuals (queens and kings) live longer than the non-reproductive individuals, the workers. In many species, workers may become fertile following queen loss, and recent evidence suggests that worker fecundity extends worker lifespan. We postulated that this effect is in part owing to improved resilience to oxidative stress, and tested this hypothesis in three Myrmicine ants: Temnothorax rugatulus, and the leaf-cutting ants Atta colombica and Acromyrmex echinatior . We removed the queen from colonies to induce worker reproduction and subjec…
Per un approccio retorico alle emozioni. Aristotele, Retorica, II,1-11
2021
Il saggio analizza la sezione della “Retorica” di Aristotele dedicata alle passioni (II, 1-11). Il principale elemento di novità che la prospettiva aristotelica è in grado di introdurre nel dibattito contemporaneo sulle emozioni consiste nella natura specificamente retorica dell’indagine in grado di far emergere, di più e meglio che in altre prospettive, il nesso tra corpo, linguaggio e socialità nell’animale umano.
The evolutionary dynamics of adaptive virginity, sex-allocation and altruistic helping in haplodiploid animals
2018
In haplodiploids, females can produce sons from unfertilized eggs without mating. However, virgin reproduction is usually considered to be a result of a failure to mate, rather than an adaptation. Here, we build an analytical model for evolution of virgin reproduction, sex-allocation, and altruistic female helping in haplodiploid taxa. We show that when mating is costly (e.g., when mating increases predation risk), virginity can evolve as an adaptive female reproductive strategy. Furthermore, adaptive virginity results in strongly divergent sex-ratios in mated and virgin queen nests ("split sex ratios"), which promotes the evolution of altruistic helping by daughters in mated queen nests. H…
Mate fidelity and coloniality in waterbirds: a comparative analysis
1998
Increased opportunities for information are one potential benefit of sociality. We apply this idea to the advantages of colonial breeding in bird species that are typically monogamous within a breeding season but often form new pair-bonds in subsequent seasons. Individuals may benefit from nesting in colonies at high density by identifying good-quality potential alternative mates among their neighbours. The opportunities for finding a better mating option are likely to increase with colony size and density. We tested this prediction with a comparative analysis of the association between mate fidelity and coloniality in waterbirds (wading birds and seabirds), where there is wide variation in…
El model PROT i la responsabilitat social universitaria: prosocialitat i transferència del coneixement a la pràctica
2019
espanolEn 30 anos de historia, el grupo LIPA (Laboratorio de Investigacion Prosocial Aplicada) de la Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona (UAB) ha promovido y generado un modelo internacionalprofesional, de investigacion y formacion para la optimizacion prosocial de los territorios y organizaciones. La Prosocialidad transferida a la practica social en lipa ha generado intervenciones innovadoras que desde una apuesta por la transferencia del conocimiento, ha beneficiado de modo efectivo a personas y organizaciones, potenciando su creatividad, identidad y autonomia. Se sistematizan los resultados de intervencion profesional de proyectos sociales de lipa, para determinar cuales son indicadores de…