Search results for "soil"

Extraction of copper and iron from soil with siderophores of fluorescent pseudomonads

2009

Due to the application for more than 100 years of copper to French vineyards to combat fungal diseases of vines copper levels have been reported in vineyard soils up to several hundred milligrams of copper/kg of soil. There are now concerns about the ecotoxicity effects of copper accumulation. One potential way to remediate copper accumulation is phytoextraction. Furthermore, there may be potential to enhance the phytoextraction process by augmenting the process using beneficial bacterial species. Our research has involved investigating the potential to use fluorescent pseudomonads, a key group of bacteria that produce siderophores (iron-scavenging compounds), to enhance phytoextraction of …

Microbial-biogeography at the scale of France by the use of molecular tools applied to the French soil quality monitoring network (RMQS)

2009

International audience

Impact of heavy metals on soil microflora

2006

ECOFUN-MICROBIODIV : an FP7 European project to estimate the ecotoxicological impact of low dose pesticide application in agriculture on soil functio…

2013

Soil is hosting a tremendous microbial diversity playing a key-role in a number of soil ecosystemic services including nutrient cycling and filtering. ln the European Soil Framework Directive pesticides are clearly marked as one of the major threats for soil biodiversity and functioning. ln orcier to guarantee minimum effects of pesticide application on soil microbes, pesticicleregistration at EU level (Regulation 2006/388) consiclers the toxicity of pesticides ontci non targefsoil microbes by relying on carbon- and nitrcigen-mineralization tests (OECO 216, 217). However tnese tests do not provicle a comprehensive assessment of pesticides onto soil microbes.-ECOFUN-MICROBIODIV was a project…

Establishment of Petunia hybrida as model for studying mycorrhiza-induced resistance

2012

Root pathogens play an important economical role in the production of vegetable and ornamental plants. They cause high losses especially in green house production and are difficult to combat by conventional methods, because the use of pesticides in soils or substrates is limited. The application of arbuscular mycorrhiza could be an alternative as mycorrhizal plants generally showed higher resistance against various soil-borne pathogenic fungi. The success of the inoculation is, however, not predictable and mechanisms behind the protective effects are largely unknown. The ornamental crop Petunia hybrida is among other solanaceous plants confronted with attack by root pathogens and was theref…

Use of protective strains of Fusarium oxysporum to control fusarium wilts

2008

Importance of seeds in the process of common ragweed invasion

2012

International audience; Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. (common ragweed) was introduced into Europe at the end of the 1900s and is now present in several European countries. This annual invasive plant produces seeds that are highly polymorphic. Common ragweed can produce only a few thousand highly viable seeds. Many studies have focused on the seed stage. Greater seedling emergence for the seeds placed near the soil surface could explain the success of this species in open habitats, where the probability of deeper burial is low. Emergence percentage was found to decrease as burial depth increased from 2 to 8 cm, and no germination nor seedling emergence was observed for the seeds buried from 10-…

Histoire de l’utilisation des herbicides sur deux grandes cultures en France

2010

Wheat and vineyard are two emblematic crops of French cropping systems. Weedmanagement in these crops have been at the root of the development of chemical weedcontrol in France for many other crops. The data presented in this study were collected inthe “index phytosanitaires ACTA” from 1961 to 2010. This paper presents the evolution ofnumber of herbicide molecules and mixtures, and number of commercial products availablefor these two crops. Finally, the modes of action (HRAC classification) is proposed for eachcrops.

How rare arable weeds are descriptors of low farming intensification?

2015

International audience; Recent emphasis has been placed on the rapid destruction of the planet’s biodiversity in allhabitats. Rare arable weeds, also known as segetal plants, are threatened species, mostly indecline due to intensive farming systems. However, the presence of these species is intrinsicallylinked to agroecosystems. Their survival is apparently related to low-input agronomic practices.Could these weeds therefore be good descriptors of low agricultural intensification and be goodindicators of high environmental field value? We propose to examine the relationships between thefarming systems and weed flora sampling in the same fields.

Analysis of relationships between farming practices, weed flora and crop production

2015

International audience; Quantitative data on the potential losses of crop yield due to weeds is limited. Approaches toquantify weed damages considered only individual weed species, and have not included thecompounding of effects at the community level. Moreover they did not integrate the influence ofagricultural practices and environmental variables on the weed-crop relationship. Here weanalysed a big data sets to study relations between crop management, weed communities’indicators and crop yield and then develop path analysis models to disentangle the confoundingeffects of cropping system on weeds and crop production. Flora surveys (N= 651) were performedfrom 2006 to 2013 on 150 fields in …