Search results for "solution"
showing 10 items of 5638 documents
Alternative Dispute Resolution Systems Across the European Union, Iceland and Norway
2014
Abstract Alternative dispute resolution schemes (ADR) have been developed differently across the EU. It is difficult to determine which of the countries have developed the most successful schemes. Therefore the aim of this article is to summarize different organizational aspects of ADR schemes across the EU, to determine similarities across different countries and to define them in specific systems. Defining these schemes in systems will not only help to evaluate and compare ADR schemes and their success between different countries but will help also professionals, governments and other stakeholders to develop more effective ADR schemes across the EU, Iceland and Norway.
Copper Octacarboxyphthalocyanine Aggregation in Buffered Solutions
2008
Results of spectral UV-Vis absorption investigations on association of copper octa-carboxyphthalocyanine, CuPcOC, are reported. Influence of pH on association is discussed. In pH < 5.5 only ag gre gates are present. Monomer appears above pH = 5.5 and at pH Greater-than or equal to 6.2 only monomeric Pc forms exist. CuPcOC exhibits higher tendency to wards association in phosphate buffer solutions than in redistilled water. In pH 5.9–6.0 monomers, dimers and trimers coexist in equilibrium in 1.0×10–6 – 1.2×10–5 mol/dm3 concentration range at 25°C. The average assembling number n = 3 was determined for pH 5.6, 5.9 and 6.0 solutions. The spectrum of aggregate was calculated with two maxima at …
Dimerization of Copper Octacarboxyphthalocyanine in Aqueous Solutions
2005
Spectral absorption UV-Vis investigations on association of copper(II) octacarboxyphthalocyanine in aqueous solutions are reported. In 5.0x10-7-5.0x10-5 mol/dm3 concentration range monomers and dimers are mainly present. The calculated dimerization constant 106dm3/mol at 25°C and the hypsochromic spectral shift for the dimer 1164 cm-1 (688 nm_ 637 nm) indicate a stack-like association of molecules and suggestpi-pi interactions between Pc macrocycles in dimer and higher aggregates, in contrast to hydrogen bonding between carboxylic groups of adjacent Pc molecules.
L’ambiguïté anaphorique et la résolution automatique de l’anaphore pronominale
2019
Pronominal anaphores can create ambiguities when requesting the correct antecedent. In a context of automation of linguistic and textual processing, several researchers in the field of automatic language processing (TAL) have put in place various approaches to solve the problem. We propose to adapt these approaches to the automatic resolution of pronominal anaphors in a closed body of abstracts of French literary works (RESUMAN).Firstly, linguistic, textual and cognitive models are presented, which report on the functioning and interpretation of personal pronouns in French texts. Then, the interpretation procedures of the pronominalanaphors are exposed : the procedure of minimal distance, t…
Multiple solutions for semilinear Robin problems with superlinear reaction and no symmetries
2021
We study a semilinear Robin problem driven by the Laplacian with a parametric superlinear reaction. Using variational tools from the critical point theory with truncation and comparison techniques, critical groups and flow invariance arguments, we show the existence of seven nontrivial smooth solutions, all with sign information and ordered.
Multi-resolution investigations of the methane IR spectrum. At the borderline between modelling state of the art and astrophysical needs
2009
International audience; Remote sensing of the atmosphere of astrophysical objects relies essentially on molecular spectroscopy. Astrophysical investigations generally need both complete and accurate spectroscopic databases. Despite continuous efforts in experimental and theoretical spectroscopic investigations, the lack of data in specific spectral regions of interest is one of the principal limitation of the presently available spectroscopic databases. Extrapolations to relevant experimental conditions like high temperature is also a major issue for astrophysical applications. Among other molecules, methane is present in the atmosphere of many astrophysical objects. The modeling of its abs…
Large Magnetic Polyoxometalates Containing the Cobalt Cubane ‘[CoIIICo3II(OH)3(H2O)6–m(PW9O34)]3− (m = 3 or 5) as a Subunit
2018
A synthetic procedure is presented to construct new magnetic polyoxometalates (POMs) containing one or two subunits of ‘[CoIIICo3II(OH)3(H2O)6−m(PW9O34)]3−' (m = 3 or 5). The substitution of the water ligands present in these subunits by oxo or hydroxo ligands belonging to other POM fragments, gives rise to four, larger POM anions: [Co7(OH)6(H2O)6(PW9O34)2]9− (2), [Co7(OH)6(H2O)4(PW9O34)2]n9n- (2′), [Co11(OH)5(H2O)5(W6O24)(PW9O34)3]22− (3) and [{Co4(OH)3(H2O)(PW9O34)}2{K⊂(H2W12O41)2}{Co(H2O)4}2]17− (4). The crystal structures, magnetic characterization and stabilities in aqueous solutions of these POM derivatives are also presented.
A Simple Complex on the Verge of Breakdown: Isolation of the Elusive Cyanoformate Ion
2014
Cyanide Hitches a Ride Cyanide is a by-product of the biosynthesis of ethylene in plants and it has been somewhat puzzling how the ion is safely removed before it can shut down enzymatic pathways by coordination to catalytic iron centers. A proposed mechanism has implicated the cyanoformate ion—essentially, a weak adduct of cyanide and carbon dioxide—as the initial product, although its lifetime was uncertain. Murphy et al. (p. 75 ; see the Perspective by Alabugin and Mohamed ) crystallized this previously elusive adduct and found that its solution-phase stability varies inversely with the dielectric properties of the medium. The results bolster a picture in which the adduct shuttles the cy…
Characterization of spatial porosity and mineral distribution of crystalline rock using X-ray micro computed tomography, C-14-PMMA autoradiography an…
2019
The spatial porosity and mineral distribution of geological materials strongly affects transport processes in them. X-ray micro computed tomography (X-mu CT) has proven to be a powerful tool for characterizing the spatial mineral distribution of geological samples in 3-D. However, limitations in resolution prevent an accurate characterization of pore space especially for tight crystalline rock samples and 2-D methods such as C-14-polymethylmethacrylate (C-14-PMMA) autoradiography and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are needed. The spatial porosity and mineral distributions of tight crystalline rock samples from Aspo, Sweden, and Olkiluoto, Finland, were studied here. The X-mu CT were use…
Track finding at Belle II
2021
Computer physics communications 259, 107610 (2021). doi:10.1016/j.cpc.2020.107610