Search results for "specificity"
showing 10 items of 2234 documents
Transcriptional profiling of rat hypothalamus response to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-ρ-dioxin
2015
In some mammals, halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon (HAH) exposure causes wasting syndrome, defined as significant weight loss associated with lethal outcomes. The most potent HAH in causing wasting is 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-r-dioxin (TCDD), which exerts its toxic effects through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). Since TCDD toxicity is thought to predominantly arise from dysregulation of AHR-transcribed genes, it was hypothesized that wasting syndrome is a result of to TCDD-induced dysregulation of genes involved in regulation of food-intake. As the hypothalamus is the central nervous systems' regulatory center for food-intake and energy balance. Therefore, mRNA abundances in hypothala…
Mini nutritional assessment scale-short form can be useful for frailty screening in older adults
2019
Pinar Soysal,1 Nicola Veronese,2,3 Ferhat Arik,4 Ugur Kalan,4 Lee Smith,5 Ahmet Turan Isik6 1Department of Geriatric Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey; 2National Research Council, Neuroscience Institute, Aging Branch, Padova, Italy; 3Department of Geriatric Care, Ortho Geriatrics and Rehabilitation, E.O. Galliera Hospital, National Relevance and High Specialization Hospital, Genova, Italy; 4Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatric Center, Kayseri Education and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey; 5The Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK; 6Unit for Aging Brain and Dementia, Department of Geriatri…
Japanese Society of Veterinary Science
2019
Synthesium elongatum (Brachycladiidae) is an intestinal digenean described from the finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis) in Japan. Few records of this species exist and there is a remarkable morphological similarity between S. elongatum and S. tursionis, such that a synonymy between the species has been suggested previously. However, no morphological and/or molecular analysis has been carried out to clarify the taxonomic status of S. elongatum. In this study, we collected specimens of Synthesium sp. from N. asiaeorientalis in western Japan. The specimens possess lobed testes within the third quarter of the body, a round ovary, and vitellaria extending to level of uterine field,whi…
Effects of different kinds of essentiality on sequence evolution of human testis proteins
2016
We asked if essentiality for either fertility or viability differentially affects sequence evolution of human testis proteins. Based on murine knockout data, we classified a set of 965 proteins expressed in human seminiferous tubules into three categories: proteins essential for prepubertal survival (“lethality proteins”), associated with male sub- or infertility (“male sub-/infertility proteins”), and nonessential proteins. In our testis protein dataset, lethality genes evolved significantly slower than nonessential and male sub-/infertility genes, which is in line with other authors’ findings. Using tissue specificity, connectivity in the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and mul…
CHARACTERIZATION OF MICROSOMAL CYTOCHROME P450-DEPENDENT MONOOXYGENASES IN THE RAT OLFACTORY MUCOSA
2005
Nasal administration of a drug ensures therapeutic action by rapid systemic absorption and/or the entry of some molecules into the brain through different routes. Many recent studies have pointed out the presence of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in rat olfactory mucosa (OM). Nevertheless, very little is known about the precise identity of isoforms of cytochrome P450 (P450)-dependent monooxygenases (P450) and their metabolic function in this tissue. Therefore, we evaluated mRNA expression of 19 P450 isoforms by semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and measured their microsomal activity toward six model substrates. For purposes of comparison, studies were conduct…
Expression and compartmentalisation of the glycolytic enzymes GAPDH and pyruvate kinase in boar spermatogenesis
2008
Boar spermatozoa contain isoforms of both glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH, EC 1.2.1.12) and pyruvate kinase (PK, EC 2.7.1.40). The sperm-specific forms, GAPDH-S and PK-S, are tightly bound to cell structures. By immunofluorescence microscopy GAPDH-S and PK-S were localised in the principal piece of the boar sperm flagellum as well as in the acrosomal region of the sperm head and at the head–midpiece junction. The midpiece of the flagellum, however, contains isoforms of GAPDH and PK that were only recognised by antibodies against somatic GAPDH and PK, respectively, but not by the antibodies against GAPDH-S and PK-S. In sections of boar testis, GAPDH-S and PK-S were first dete…
Extensive characterization of the human DDAH1 transgenic mice
2009
Abstract Purpose of the research Overexpression of the human dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase type 1 (hDDAH1) gene was reported to have beneficial cardiovascular effects in mice. To date, it is unclear whether these effects are related to enhanced metabolic clearance of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and l - N G -mono-methyl- l -arginine ( l -NMMA) or increased DDAH1 expression and activity in cardiovascular tissues of hDDAH1 transgenic mice. Principal results DDAH activity (DDAH1 + DDAH2) was found to be markedly increased in aortic and heart tissues but unaltered in liver and kidney tissues of hDDAH1 transgenic as compared to wild-type (WT) mice. In WT mice, DDAH activity was m…
Genetic control of male cuticular hydrocarbons in Drosophila melanogaster
1996
0016-6723 (Print) Comparative Study Journal Article; 7-tricosene (7-T) and 7-pentacosene (7-P) are the two main hydrocarbons on the cuticle of male Drosophila melanogaster. These two substances might play a pheromonal role during courtship behaviour. We investigated the genetic basis of the quantitative polymorphism observed in the production of 7-T and 7-P. Strains of different geographic origin, with males producing either predominantly 7-T or predominantly 7-P, were hybridized with strains carrying genetic markers. We found that chromosome II changes the balance between 7-T and 7-P while chromosome III regulates the overall quantity of both 7-monoenes. We have also characterized and roug…
Revisited Roles of Drosophila Female Pheromones
2005
All tests involved a pair of 5-day-old male and female (intact or decapitated) flies. Females were ‘homotypic’ (same species and strain as the tested male: D. melanogaster, Cs strain; D. mauritiana, 163.1 strain; D. simulans, Seychelles strain), ‘desat1 non-perfumed’ (D. melanogaster desat1 mutant), ‘perfumed’ (desat1 with transfer of Cs females pheromones), or ‘Cs’ (D. melanogaster control strain). Data shown are the frequencies of courtship (with both intact and decapitated females) and of mating (with intact females), within a 1 h observation period and were calculated from the total number of tested pairs (shown in brackets). D. mauritiana males courted (χ2 = 16.81, P < 0.001) and mated…
The reliability, validity, and sensitivity of the Edmonton Frail Scale (EFS) in older adults with foot disorders
2020
[Abstract] The Edmonton Frail Scale (EFS) is an index employed to measure alterations related to frailty. The main objective in this research was to develop the EFS short-form (EFS-SF) and to evaluate its validity, reliability, and sensitivity to predict frailty disability outcomes in elderly patients with foot disabilities. Results: Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of the EFS-SF revealed the presence of three components, as in the original EFA. There were significant differences (p < 0.05) in the study population for several of the EFS and 5-item FRAIL scale indicators. The highest correlation (Pearson R = 0.871; p < 0.001) was found for the first component of the EFS-SF. Finally, the Cro…