Search results for "spectrum"
showing 10 items of 2043 documents
A case-control evaluation of sensory profile among preschool children affected by autism spectrum disorder
2019
Background: Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurobehavioral syndromes caused by a developmental disorder, biologically determined, with a very early onset and deficit mainly related to social communication and interaction.There is a considerable amount of literature on ASD suggesting abnormal sensory experience as a basic symptom, as also reported by the DSM-5 and ICD-10.The current case-control study aimed to investigate the sensory perception skills in preschool children affected by ASD compared with a control group of typical developing children.Materials and methods: The study sample was composed of 42 children, subdivided into two groups: 21 ASD (12 males); 21 typical developing (T…
Structural properties of the quaternary Heusler alloy Co2Cr1−xFexAl
2007
The quarternary substitutional series Co2Cr1?xFexAl was investigated by means of surface and bulk sensitive techniques in order to exploit its structural and compositional properties. Both bulk and powder samples of the alloy series were investigated to obtain specific information about this material.The long range order was determined by means of x-ray diffraction and neutron diffraction, while the site specific (short range) order was proved by extended x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. The magnetic structure was investigated by M?ssbauer spectroscopy in transmission and scattering modes in order to compare and separate powder and bulk properties. The chemical composition was …
Structural properties of the quaternary Heusler compound Co2 Cr1−x Fex Al
2006
Abstract The structural and chemical properties of the quaternary Heusler compound Co2 Cr1−x Fex Al were investigated comparing powder and bulk samples. The long range order was determined by means of X-ray diffraction, while the site specific (short range) order was proved by the extended X-ray absorption fine structure method (EXAFS). The chemical composition was analysed by means of X-ray photo emission spectroscopy (XPS) combined with Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) depth profiling. The results from these methods are compared to get a detailed idea about the differences between surface and bulk properties and appearance of disorder in such alloys.
Sensory Processing in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and/or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in the Home and Classroom Contexts
2019
Neuropsychological Profile, Emotional/Behavioral Problems, and Parental Stress in Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders
2021
Background: The aim of our study was to trace a specific neuropsychological profile, to investigate emotional-behavioral problems and parental stress in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Level 1/High functioning (ASD-HF), Specific Learning Disorders (SLD) and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) disorders and to highlight similarities and differences among the three groups. Methods: We retrospectively collected the data from a total of 62 subjects with ASD-HF (n = 19) ADHD (n = 21), SLD (n = 22) and 20 typical development. All the participants underwent neuropsychological standardized test for the evaluation of cognitive profile (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Four…
The child with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDS): Behavioral and neurobiological aspects
2015
Introduction: The Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) have onset in the first years of life and are characterized clinically by qualitative impairments in social interaction, communication and a restricted repertoire, stereotyped and repetitive interests and activities. Currently there is a medical consensus on the causes of autism: they should not be psychosocial but should be based in biology, especially in the central nervous system abnormalities caused by both inherited and environmental causes. The aim of this study was to study a sample of subjects with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) with a wide protocol, including neurophysiological and radiological investigations as well as laborator…
The Effects of Probiotics and Prebiotics on Gastrointestinal and Behavioural Symptoms in Autism Spectrum Disorder
2021
Background: Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) are a group of prevalent neuropsychiatric disorders. They present a complex and unknown etiology, which in most cases includes significant peripheral alterations outside the brain such as in the composition of gut microbiota. Because the gut microbiota is involved in modulating the gut-brain axis, several studies have suggested that the microbiome in the gut can modify metabolites which are able to cross the blood-brain barrier and modulate brain function. Methods: We reviewed the current evidence regarding microbiota alterations in patients with ASD and the effects of the administration of probiotics and prebiotics in these patients, both in te…
The clinical and molecular spectrum of QRICH1 associated neurodevelopmental disorder
2022
De novo variants in QRICH1 (Glutamine-rich protein 1) has recently been reported in 11 individuals with intellectual disability. The function of QRICH1 is largely unknown but it is likely to play a key role in the unfolded response of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress through transcriptional control of proteostasis. In this study, we present 27 additional individuals and delineate the clinical and molecular spectrum of the individuals (n=38) with QRICH1 variants. The main clinical features were mild to moderate developmental delay/intellectual disability (71%), non-specific facial dysmorphism (92%) and hypotonia (39%). Additional findings included poor weight gain (29%), short stature (29%)…
Semantic Verbal Fluency in Children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder: Relationship with Chronological Age and IQ
2016
We administered a semantic verbal fluency (SVF) task to two groups of children (age range from 5 to 8): 47 diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD Group) and 53 with typical development (Comparison Group), matched on gender, chronological age, and non-verbal IQ. Four specific indexes were calculated from the SVF task, reflecting the different underlying cognitive strategies used: clustering (component of generativity and lexical-semantic access), and switching (executive component, cognitive flexibility). First, we compared the performance of the two groups on the different SVF task indicators, with the ASD group scoring lower than the Comparison Group, although the difference was grea…
Relationships between the social communication questionnaire and pragmatic language, socialization skills, and behavioral problems in children with a…
2019
The Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) is one of the most widely used screening instruments for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study examined the relationships between the reciprocal social interaction, communication, and repetitive/stereotyped factors on the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and pragmatic, socialization, and behavioral problems in children with ASD and children with typical development (TD). Participants were seven- to 11-year-old children with ASD without intellectual disability (