Search results for "speech"

Recensione volume 'Oratio obliqua. Strategies of reported speech in ancient languages, ed. Paolo Poccetti, Pisa-Roma, Serra, 2017'

2018

The phenomenon of reported speech in the world languages has gained attention in current linguistic research, as testified by the increasing number of recent works in this field, from typological linguistics ( Jäger 2007 ; Goddard & Wierzbicka 2018) to neurolinguistics (Groenewold 2015 and references therein). Although the wide cross-linguistic diversity in the way speakers report other people’s speech, there is a consensus on the need for identification strategies that are typologically valid. To this purpose, reported speech has also been investigated from many theoretical perspectives, from Functional Grammar to Natural Semantic Metalanguage, from Generative Grammar to Pragmatics, from P…

Vertical representation of C∞-words

2015

We present a new framework for dealing with C ∞ -words, based on their left and right frontiers. This allows us to give a compact representation of them, and to describe the set of C ∞ -words through an infinite directed acyclic graph G. This graph is defined by a map acting on the frontiers of C ∞ -words. We show that this map can be defined recursively and with no explicit reference to C ∞ -words. We then show that some important conjectures on C ∞ -words follow from analogous statements on the structure of the graph G.

Déchiffrement historique de l’écriture libanienne. À propos de Libanios, Discours 48 et 49

2016

The main theme, the direct relationship with the career of Libanius and the rhetorical common framework, unite at historical level the speeches 48 and 49. The evidence of these two speeches is of primary importance to know the institutional, legal, economic, and social situation in the second half of the 4th century A.D. Indeed, they document a series of transformations, or the appearance of new phenomena: the strong diversification of the curial class, and a broadening gap between the prôtoi and the mere bouleutai; the desertion of the boulai ; the rise in Antioch of new study subjects such as Latin and law. A twofold ideal can be inferred from these two Libanius’ speeches: on the one hand…

How to validate similarity in linear transform models of event-related potentials between experimental conditions?

2014

Abstract Background It is well-known that data of event-related potentials (ERPs) conform to the linear transform model (LTM). For group-level ERP data processing using principal/independent component analysis (PCA/ICA), ERP data of different experimental conditions and different participants are often concatenated. It is theoretically assumed that different experimental conditions and different participants possess the same LTM. However, how to validate the assumption has been seldom reported in terms of signal processing methods. New method When ICA decomposition is globally optimized for ERP data of one stimulus, we gain the ratio between two coefficients mapping a source in brain to two…

Spatial and temporal systems in child language and thought: a cross-linguistic study

1999

This research was designed to evaluate the interaction of conceptual and linguistic factors during the acquisition of the spatial and temporal systems of Polish, English and Finnish from 3 to 6 years of age. In the conceptual-spatial task, children reconstructed a layout from a 180-degree change in perspective, and in the conceptual-temporal task they arranged three picture cards in a sequence while telling a story. In the linguistic domain, there were two comprehension tests and one production test containing spatial and temporal contrasts requiring either a single or multiple referent object(s)/event(s). The main effects (i.e., age, dimension, complexity) were always significant. There w…

Literacy skills and online research and comprehension: struggling readers face difficulties online

2019

The present study evaluated the extent to which literacy skills (reading fluency, written spelling, and reading comprehension), together with nonverbal reasoning, prior knowledge, and gender, are related to students’ online research and comprehension (ORC) performance. The ORC skills of 426 sixth graders were measured using a Finnish adaptation of the Online Research and Comprehension Assessment. Results of a structural equation model showed that these ORC skills were divided into six highly correlated factors, and that they formed a common factor in ORC. Altogether, these predictor variables explained 57% of the variance in ORC. Reading comprehension, along with gender, was the strongest p…

Bengali nasal vowels: Lexical representation and listener perception

2022

This paper focuses on the question of the representation of nasality as well as speakers’ awareness and perceptual use of phonetic nasalisation by examining surface nasalisation in two types of vowels in Bengali: underlying nasal vowels (CṼC) and nasalised vowels before a nasal consonant (CVN). A series of three cross-modal forced-choice experiments was used to investigate the hypothesis that only unpredictable nasalisation is stored and that this sparse representation governs how listeners interpret vowel nasality. Visual full-word targets were preceded by auditory primes consisting of CV segments of CVC words with nasal vowels ([tʃɑ̃] for [tʃɑ̃d] ‘moon’), oral vowels ([tʃɑ] for [tʃɑl] ‘un…

On the social practice of indirect reports (further advances in the theory of pragmemes)

2010

Abstract This paper deals with the social practice of indirect reports and treats them as cases of language games. It proposes a number of principles like the following: Paraphrasis/Form Principle The that-clause embedded in the verb ‘say’ is a paraphrasis of what Y said, and meets the following constraints: should Y hear what X said he (Y) had said, he would not take issue with it, as to content, but would approve of it as a fair paraphrasis of his original utterance. Furthermore, he would not object to vocalizing the assertion made out of the words following the complementizer ‘that’ on account of its form/style. Furthermore, it connects such principles with Relevance Theory consideration…

2016

The neural systems supporting speech and sign processing are very similar, although not identical. In a previous fTCD study of hearing native signers (Gutierrez-Sigut, Daws, et al., 2015) we found stronger left lateralization for sign than speech. Given that this increased lateralization could not be explained by hand movement alone, the contribution of motor movement versus ‘linguistic’ processes to the strength of hemispheric lateralization during sign production remains unclear. Here we directly contrast lateralization strength of covert versus overt signing during phonological and semantic fluency tasks. To address the possibility that hearing native signers’ elevated lateralization ind…

Assessing natural metalinguistic skills in people with Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal dementia

2019

Abstract Objective The aim of this paper is to assess whether the use of natural metalinguistic skills can be used to differentiate linguistic-communicative profiles of people with dementia (Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal dementia in the behavioural and primary progressive aphasia variants) in the earliest stages of the disease. Method A sample of 180 people was selected. Sixty had Alzheimer’s disease, 20 had frontotemporal dementia of the behavioural variant, and 40 had frontotemporal dementia of the primary progressive aphasia variant (20 had non-fluent primary progressive aphasia and 20 had semantic dementia). The control group was composed of 60 healthy people with ages, gender,…