Search results for "structural"

Fondos estructurales y política regional en la Unión Europea

2000

The present work examines the reasons that gave rise to European Regional Policy and describes its principles and basic objectives, as well as the operational transformations it underwent from the 1988 Structural Fund reform till the approval of the Agenda 2000. Its ability to correct regional imbalances is subsequently compared with the limited ability of European Public Finance to carry out some of the functions performed by central governments in States with a federal political structure, which results in disparity between regional income levels and the corresponding tax balances. Finally, the achievements and limitations of European Regional Policy are assessed on a wide basis rather th…

Los Fondos Estructurales y la ampliación al Este de la Unión Europea

2000

This paper addresses the potential impact of the current European Union (EU) enlargement process on EU economic and social cohesion programmes. The first part highlights the reason why enlargement is a priority for the EU and explains the pre-enlargement strategy carried out in the nineties. The Agenda 2000 proposals and the funding avenues provided for EU enlargement are subsequently examined, assessing the repercussions of enlargement on structural actions and the EU as a whole. One of the main conclusion is that, although it is a difficult process requiring considerable adjustment, it is an excellent opportunity to contribute to political stability and economic and social progress in Eur…

EU cohesion aid to Spain: a data set. Part I: 2000-06 planning period

2010

In this paper we construct a data set on EU cohesion aid to Spain during the planning period 2000-06. The data are disaggregated by region, year and function and attempt to approximate the timing of actual executed expenditure on assisted projects.

EU cohesion aid to Spain: a data set. Part II: 1994-99 planning period

2013

In this paper we construct a data set on EU cohesion aid to Spain during the planning period 1994-99. The data are disaggregated by region, year and function and attempt to approximate the timing of actual executed expenditure on assisted projects. Data available for download: Excel 1 | Excel 2

Organisaatiokulttuurin ja johtajuusidentiteetin merkitys matriisiorganisaatiomuutoksessa : case-tutkimus

2012

Desigualdades algorítmicas: conductas de alto riesgo para los derechos humanos

2022

Este artículo propone un análisis sobre las desigualdades originadas o reforzadas por el uso de los modelos y programas de aprendizaje automático que encuentran una de sus principales justificaciones en el principio de precisión predictiva, así como sobre algunas respuestas que cabe esperar del sistema jurídico para abordarlas. Este tema ha sido tratado fundamentalmente bien a través de la tutela del derecho a la privacidad y la protección de datos, bien mediante la elaboración de códigos éticos. Aquí se adoptarán dos perspectivas distintas a las anteriores. En primer lugar, el enfoque del riesgo, marco en el que se ha empla-zado recientemente la regulación europea de la inteligencia artifi…

Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of the major capsid proteins VP16 and VP17 of bacteriophage P23-77.

2012

The major capsid proteins VP16 and VP17 of bacteriophage P23-77 have been crystallized using both recombinant and purified virus and preliminary diffraction analyses have been performed.

Angular Regioselectivity in the Reactions of 2-Thioxopyrimidin-4-ones and Hydrazonoyl Chlorides : Synthesis of Novel Stereoisomeric Octahydro[1,2,4]t…

2020

The regioselective synthesis of cis and trans stereoisomers of variously functionalized octahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinazolin-5-ones was performed. The 2-thioxopyrimidin-4-ones used in the synthesis reacted with hydrazonoyl chlorides in a regioselective manner to produce the angular regioisomers [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinazolin-5-ones rather than the linear isomers [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinazolin-5-ones. The synthesis process took place with electronic control. The angular regiochemistry of the products was confirmed by X-ray experiments and two-dimensional NMR studies.

Sharing the salt bowl: counterion identity drives N-alkyl resorcinarene affinity for pyrophosphate in water

2021

N-Alkyl ammonium resorcinarene chloride receptors, NARX4, have been shown to act as high-sensitivity detectors of pyrophosphate (PPi), a biomarker of disease, in aqueous media through the chloride-to-PPi exchange [NAR(Cl)4 to NARPPi]. The nature of the anion of the macrocyclic NARX4 (X = Cl−, Br−, triflate OTf−) receptor greatly influences the PPi-affinity in aqueous media. The binding affinity for [NAR (Cl)4] is 3.61 × 105 M−1, while the NAR (Br)4 and NAR (OTf)4 show stronger binding of 5.30 × 105 M−1, and 6.10 × 105 M−1, respectively. The effects of upper rim ammonium cation, –N+H2R substituents (R = 3-hydroxypropyl, cyclohexyl, benzyl, or napththalen-1-ylmethyl), of the macrocyclic resor…

The Role of Anticipated Guilt and its Neutralisation in Explaining Responsible Online Shopping

2023

Although responsible consumption has been the target of growing interest in academic research, the antecedents of responsible online shopping remain poorly understood. In this study, we address this gap in prior research by focusing on the role of anticipated guilt in explaining responsible online shopping. By using data from 479 Finnish consumers, we aim to answer two research questions: (1) how strong an antecedent of responsible online shopping intention is anticipated guilt in relation to other potential antecedents and (2) how efficiently can consumers regulate their resulting feelings of guilt by using different kinds of neutralisation techniques? We find anticipated guilt to be a str…