Search results for "structures"

A common virulence plasmid in biotype 2 Vibrio vulnificus and its dissemination aided by a conjugal plasmid.

2007

ABSTRACT Strains of Vibrio vulnificus , a marine bacterial species pathogenic for humans and eels, are divided into three biotypes, and those virulent for eels are classified as biotype 2. All biotype 2 strains possess one or more plasmids, which have been shown to harbor the biotype 2-specific DNA sequences. In this study we determined the DNA sequences of three biotype 2 plasmids: pR99 (68.4 kbp) in strain CECT4999 and pC4602-1 (56.6 kb) and pC4602-2 (66.9 kb) in strain CECT4602. Plasmid pC4602-2 showed 92% sequence identity with pR99. Curing of pR99 from strain CECT4999 resulted in loss of resistance to eel serum and virulence for eels but had no effect on the virulence for mice, an anim…

In situ analysis of the bacterial communities associated to farmed eel by whole-cell hybridization.

1999

Bacterial communities in water samples and eel slime were investigated by fluorescence in situ hybridization of whole bacterial cells in an eel intensive culture system over 1 year. A newly developed probe, matching 27 Vibrio spp., and a specific probe for Vibrio vulnificus were used. Phylogenetic probes complementary to selected regions of the 16S and 23S ribosomal RNA revealed that Proteobacteria of the alpha and beta subclass were predominant in water and eel slime. Members of the gamma subclass (e.g. vibrios and aeromonads) were more abundant in eel slime, although no V. vulnificus was detected.

Eel immune response to Vibrio vulnificus infection. Host-pathogen relationship

2013

The European eel (Anguilla anguilla), has experienced a dangerous decline in recruitment, yield and stock over the last 30 years and this decline is likely to continue into the future. Several major threats are responsible for this situation, including overfishing of glass eels for consumption, new infections by introduced pathogens, dams and blocking of migration routes. The lack of knowledge concerning the biology of this species represents a handicap to the conservation and recovery of the population. Nevertheless,the eel farming industry is increasing, therefore it could be considered one of the major risks for wild eel stock perpetuation, which is threatened principally by the lack of …

Mapping and quantification of cryptochrome expression in the brain of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum.

2021

Aphids are paradigmatic photoperiodic animals often used to study the role of the circadian clock in the seasonal response. Previously, we described some elements of the circadian clock core (genes period and timeless) and output (melatonin, AANATs and PTTH) that could have a role in the regulation of the aphid seasonal response. More recently we identified two opsins (C-ops and SWO4) as candidate input photoperiodic receptors. In the present report, we focus on the study of cryptochromes (cry) as photoreceptors of the circadian clock and discuss their involvement in the seasonal response. We analyze the expression of cry1 and cry2 genes in a circadian and seasonal context, and map their ex…

Efficacy of oral reimmunisation after immersion vaccination against Vibrio vulnificus in farmed European eels

2004

Abstract Vulnivaccine, a licensed vaccine against Vibrio vulnificus , protects eels against vibriosis after vaccination by triple prolonged immersion at glass eel stage. Protection lasts for at least 6 months, but later, protection decreases, and eels can suffer stress-related vibriosis. The main objective of this work was to design an oral vaccine that can be used for reimmunisation at any developmental eel stage. With this aim, the efficacy of Vulnivaccine mixed with food as an oral booster was tested in an eel farm. The protection and the immune response (innate and acquired) in serum, mucus (from skin and intestine) and bile were evaluated in reimmunised and control animals (non-reimmun…

Diel feeding periodicity, daily ration and prey selectivity in juvenile brown trout in a subarctic river

1999

Feeding of age-1 brown trout Salmo trutta in a third-order river in northern Finland was usually highest in the twilight hours and lowest around midday. Diel periodicity in food intake was less distinct and rarely significant for age-0 trout. Daily rations declined seasonally, being lowest in October, and highest in June (age-1 trout) or early August (age-0 trout). Prey selection did not differ between day and night, but differences between age classes and sampling dates were distinct. Age-0 trout preferred Ephemerella nymphs in summer and Micrasema larvae later in the season. Age-1 trout fed selectively on caddis larvae on all sample dates. Aerial insects and Baetis nymphs were avoided by …

Additional file 6: of NOTCH3 expression is linked to breast cancer seeding and distant metastasis

2018

Figure S6. NOTCH1 and NOTCH2 expression in patient-derived TNBC cells. a Immunoblot assay showing NOTCH1 and NOTCH2 expression in MDA-MB-231 and patient-derived TNBC-M25 cells. b Densitometric analysis showing the percentage of NOTCH1 and NOTCH2 protein levels in TNBC-M25 cells relative to MDA-MB-231 cells. Graph showing the average from three independent experiments (Âąâ SD). (TIFF 6168 kb)

Additional file 5: of NOTCH3 expression is linked to breast cancer seeding and distant metastasis

2018

Figure S5. NOTCH1 and NOTCH2 expression in TNBC cells. a Immunofluorescence analysis showing representative images of MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-231 LM TNBC cells stained in green with NOTCH1 and NOTCH2 polyclonal antibodies. Nuclei were stained in blue with DAPI. b Graphs showing the average number of NOTCH1- and NOTCH2-expressing cells from three independent experiments (Âąâ SD). (TIFF 6168 kb)

Associations Between Neonatal Cry Acoustics and Visual Attention During the First Year

2020

It has been suggested that early cry parameters are connected to later cognitive abilities. The present study is the first to investigate whether the acoustic features of infant cry are associated with cognitive development already during the first year, as measured by oculomotor orienting and attention disengagement. Cry sounds for acoustic analyses (fundamental frequency; F0) were recorded in two neonatal cohorts at the age of 0–8 days (Tampere, Finland) or at 6 weeks (Cape Town, South Africa). Eye tracking was used to measure oculomotor orienting to peripheral visual stimuli and attention disengagement from central stimuli at 8 months (Tampere) or at 6 months (Cape Town) of age. Only a m…

2020

It has been suggested that early cry parameters are connected to later cognitive abilities. The present study is the first to investigate whether the acoustic features of infant cry are associated with cognitive development already during the first year, as measured by oculomotor orienting and attention disengagement. Cry sounds for acoustic analyses (fundamental frequency; F0) were recorded in two neonatal cohorts at the age of 0-8 days (Tampere, Finland) or at 6 weeks (Cape Town, South Africa). Eye tracking was used to measure oculomotor orienting to peripheral visual stimuli and attention disengagement from central stimuli at 8 months (Tampere) or at 6 months (Cape Town) of age. Only a m…