Search results for "substitut"

A randomized trial comparing tamoxifen therapy vs. tamoxifen prophylaxis in bicalutamide-induced gynecomastia.

2012

BACKGROUND: Tamoxifen (TAM) has been shown to be active against the bicalutamide-induced breast events (BEs) gynecomastia, and breast pain in patients with prostate cancer (PC). Optimal doses and schedules are not yet established. Debate still exists about whether prophylaxis with TAM is more effective than treatment of BEs when diagnosed. The results of a randomized study comparing TAM prophylaxis vs. TAM therapy are presented. METHODS: One hundred seventy-six patients with prostate cancer (PC) who were candidates for bicalutamide monotherapy were randomized to receive TAM 20 mg daily orally within 1 month from the onset of BEs (arm A) vs. TAM 10 mg daily starting simultaneously with bical…

Anticoagulation with Factor Xa Inhibitors Is Associated with Improved Overall Response and Progression-Free Survival in Patients with Metastatic Mali…

2021

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) significantly improved the prognosis of advanced melanoma patients. However, many patients do not derive long-term benefit from ICI therapy due to primary and acquired resistance. In this regard, it has been shown that coagulation factors contribute to cancer immune evasion and might therefore promote resistance to ICI. In particular, recent observations in murine systems demonstrated that myeloid-derived factor Xa (FXa) impedes anti-tumor immunity in the tumor microenvironment and that the oral FXa inhibitor (FXa-i) rivaroxaban synergizes with ICI. The synergistic effect of FXa inhibitors with clinical ICI therapy is unknown. We performed a retrospective …

Re: Does Oral Antiandrogen Use Before Leuteinizing Hormone-Releasing Therapy in Patients with Metastatic Prostate Cancer Prevent Clinical Consequence…

2010

Oh et al report their experience with 1566 metastatic prostate cancer patients treated with luteinising hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists in the area of Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Of these patients, 79.5% were given antiandrogens (bicalutamide, flutamide, or nilutamide) before the first LHRH agonist dose. The remaining patients (20.5%) did not receive antiandrogens. In all patients, complications appearing within 30 d and attributable to a flare phenomenon (fractures, spinal cord compression, bladder outlet obstruction, exacerbation of pain) were assessed retrospectively. Such complications were extremely rare ( or =7 d before starting the LHRH analogues) made no difference.The aut…

A New Type of Artificial Oxygen Carrier: Soluble Hyperpolymeric Haemoglobin with Negligible Oncotic Pressure—Production of Thermally Stable Hyperpoly…

1992

Molar masses and structure in solution of haemoglobin hyperpolymers--a common calibration of size exclusion chromatography of these artificial oxygen…

1997

We are developing artificial oxygen carriers for medical use, based on synthetic polymers--so-called hyperpolymers--obtained by cross-linking mammalian haemoglobins. One requirement with respect to the polymers is that they should not increase the oncotic pressure of blood remarkably--this can be realized by high molecular weights of the polymers with a narrow distribution. They may act as a oxygen transporting blood additive, and--in combination with a plasma expander--as a blood substitute. Another important and desired property of the artificial oxygen carrier is a low viscosity, which--first--is due to a high degree of uniformity of the polymer size (or molar mass) distribution and--sec…

Kinetics and Mechanism of the Nucleophilic Substitution of Tellurium(II) Dialkanethiolates, Te(SR1)2 with Thiols, HSR2

2005

The equilibrium reaction between tellurium(II) dithiolates and thiols, Te(SR1)2 + 2 HSR2 ⇌ Te(SR2)2 + 2 HSR1 was studied by means of 1H- and 125Te NMR spectroscopy and ab initio quantum chemical methods. It was found that the reaction is catalyzed by Bronsted acids and bases, the catalytic activity corresponding to the strength of the respective acid or base. Investigation of the initial step of the reaction, Te(SR1)2 + HSR2 ⇌ Te(SR1)(SR2) + HSR1, showed it to proceed according to first order kinetics for Te(SR1)2, HSR2 and for the catalyst. Ab initio geometry optimizations and frequency calculations suggest [Te(SR1)(HSR1)(HSR2)]+ and [Te(SR1)2(SR2)]− to be stable intermediates and not tran…

Electrochemical and chemical reduction of niobocene dichlorides in the presence of carbon dioxide

1995

Abstract The chemical and electrochemical reduction of the niobocene dichlorides [Nb(η5-C5H4SiMe3)2Cl2]1, [Nb(η5-C5Me5)2Cl2] 2 and [Nb(η5-C5Me4Et)2Cl2] 3, in the presence of carbon dioxide has been investigated. Formation of compounds of the type [Cp2Nb(CO2)] and [Cp2(∗)NbCl(CO2))] 1 has been established by means of IR, ESR and/or NMR spectroscopy. They contain a labile η2-CO2. The order of stability increases with the degree of substitution the Cp. Less stable intermediates in the reduction of the system [Cp2NbCl2]/CO2 are discussed on the basis of cyclovoltammetric and coulometric data.

Modular Phosphole-Methano-Bridged-Phosphine(Borane) Ligands. Application to Rhodium-Catalyzed Reactions

2012

The synthesis of the phospholyl(phosphinoborane)methane air- and moisture-stable hybrid ligands 4a–f, starting from 1-phenylphospholes 1a–d, was performed via P–C bond coupling on the methano bridge. Two strategies were investigated, according to the phospholyl moiety used as a nucleophilic or an electrophilic reagent. In the first pathway, the phospholyl anions react with the easily available (chloromethyl)diphenylphosphine–borane 3 to afford ligands 4a–d in 29–67% isolated yields. In the second pathway, the phospholyl(dicyclohexylphosphinoborane)methane ligands 4e,f were synthesized in 18–23% yields, through a nucleophilic substitution on the cyanophosphole. Removal of the BH3 moiety on 4…

Hexasubstituted Benzenes with Ultrastrong Dipole Moments

2015

Hexasubstituted benzenes have been synthesized with the highest known dipole moments, as determined by dielectric spectroscopy and DFT methods. Based on the preparation of 4,5-diamino-3,6-dibromophthalonitrile, combined with a novel method to synthesize dihydrobenzimidazoles, these benzene derivatives have dipole moments in excess of 10 debye. Such dipole moments are desirable in ferroelectrics, nonlinear optics, and in organic photovoltaics. Structure determination was achieved through single-crystal X-ray crystallography, and the optical properties were determined by UV/Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy.

Substitution of hazardous substances for health and environment: lessons and experiences from European projects

1999

This paper deals with substitution of hazardous substances in production processes for environmental and health and safety reasons, with special reference to experiences of substitution of volatile organic compounds in paints and in concrete mould release agents. Substitution in this context is seen as a particular kind of technological transfer, in which the main value of the technology lies in its environmental and health and safety performances, as a contribution to industrial sustainability. The authors identify the main actors of the substitution process (industry, trade unions, NGOs, etc.), the role they play in such a process (promoter, target group, ally or opposer) and the scene i…