Search results for "succe"

Alternative reproductive tactics and the propensity of hybridization

2009

One explanation for hybridization between species is the fitness benefits it occasionally confers to the hybridizing individuals. This explanation is possible in species that have evolved alternative male reproductive tactics: individuals with inferior tactics might be more prone to hybridization provided it increases their reproductive success and fitness. Here we experimentally tested whether the propensity of hybridization in the wild depends on male reproductive tactic in Calopteryx splendens damselflies. Counter to our expectation, it was males adopting the superior reproductive tactic (territoriality) that had greatest propensity to hybridize than males adopting the inferior tactics (…

The effect of male-male competition and ornament size on mean and variance of courtship intensity towards heterospecific and conspecific females

2015

Discrimination between hetero- and conspecifics is the elementary choice an individual performs when searching for potential mates. The level of selectivity and strength of species discrimination is modified by variance in the quality of females, level of the male’s reproductive investment, mate search costs, and the competitive environment. The effect of the competitive environment on both species discrimination and conspecific mate choice has seldom been studied simultaneously. We experimentally manipulated territorial competition ofCalopteryx splendensdamselfly males in the wild, and asked two questions. First, does increased competition influence the territorial males’ responses towards…

2014

Oviparous females have three main options to increase their reproductive success: investing into egg number, egg mass and/or egg care. Although allocating resources to either of these three components is known to shape offspring number and size, potential trade-offs among them may have key impacts on maternal and offspring fitness. Here, we tested the occurrence of phenotypic trade-offs between egg number, egg mass and maternal expenditure on egg care in the European earwig, Forficula auricularia, an insect with pre- and post-hatching forms of maternal care. In particular, we used a series of laboratory observations and experiments to investigate whether these three components non-additivel…

Delayed Fatherhood in Mice Decreases Reproductive Fitness and Longevity of Offspring1

2009

Abstract This study aims to analyze, in mice, the long-term effects of delayed fatherhood on reproductive fitness and longevity of offspring. Hybrid parental-generation (F0) males, at the age of 12, 70, 100, and 120 wk, were individually housed with a randomly selected 12-wk-old hybrid female. The reproductive fitness of first-generation (F1) females was tested from the age of 25 wk until the end of their reproductive life. In F1 males, the testing period ranged from the age of 52 wk until death. Breeding F1 females from the 120-wk group displayed interbirth intervals longer than females from the 12-, 70-, and 100-wk groups. Furthermore, F2 pups begotten by F1 studs exhibited weaning weight…

Pollination ecology of the dioecious tree Commiphora guillauminii in Madagascar

2004

In dioecious plant species differences in morphology and resources between female and male flowers can have consequences for flower visitation rates. Female flowers sometimes lack pollen and can be less attractive to pollinators than male flowers. We studied the pollination ecology of the dioecious tree Commiphora guillauminii in a dry deciduous forest in western Madagascar. We recorded floral display, visiting insect species and visitation rates for female and male trees. The results showed that female trees produce significantly larger but fewer flowers per inflorescence than male ones. Number of flowers per tree did not differ between the sexes. During 270 observation-hours we observed 1…

No evidence for an indirect benefit from female mate preference in Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus, but female ornamentation decreases offspring viab…

2011

Female mate choice is considered an important evolutionary agent, but there has been an ongoing debate over the fitness consequences it produces, especially in species that have a resource-free mating system. We examined a potential fitness benefit resulting from the pre-spawning mate preference in Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus, a salmonid fish with no parental care. The females were first allowed to discriminate behaviourally between two males presented to them in a free choice test. We then tested with controlled fertilizations whether the females would accrue indirect genetic benefits for their offspring, as measured by embryonic viability, if they had mated with the male they preferre…

ERP Implementation in an SME: A Failure Case

2013

This study examines a failed enterprise resource planning (ERP) implementation in a small-and-medium-sized enterprise (SME). The improper handling of critical success factors (CSFs), particularly those relating to support from top management, project management, and the use of consultants, led to severe problems. This placed stress on the organization, caused employees to leave the company, workarounds, and led to serious errors in the systems and a significant cost overrun. This case study contributes to the literature on ERP implementation in SMEs. In particular, it contributes to our understanding of the socio-technical dynamics of ERP implementation projects. Failed ERP cases are little…

Impact of wheat straw decomposition on successional patterns of soil microbial community structure

2009

International audience; The dynamics of indigenous bacterial and fungal soil communities were followed throughout the decomposition of wheat straw residue. More precisely, such dynamics were investigated in the different soil zones under the influence of decomposing wheat straw residue (i.e. residues, soil adjacent to residue = detritusphere, and bulk soil). The genetic structures of bacterial and fungal communities were compared throughout the decomposition process long by applying B- and F-ARISA (for bacterial and fungal-automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis) to DNA extracts from these different zones. Residue decomposition induced significant changes in bacterial and fungal comm…

Materiały sejmikowe w spuściźnie po Ludwiku Gruno, księciu Hessen-Homburg w archiwum Muzeum Artylerii, Wojsk Inżynieryjnych i Łączności w Sankt Peter…

2018

The article discusses source materials for history o f Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Dietines, found in archival legacy o f Ludwig Gruno, Prince o f Hesse-Homburg. The documents are part o f field chancellery o f the prince, currently preserved in the Military-Historical Museum of Engineer and Signal Corps in St. Petersburg among over a thousand of letters, documents and files illustrating his achievements as commander o f Russian armies in the Caucasus and Poland in 1732-1736. The documents pertain mostly to tsarist army exacting war tribute in form o f food and feed in South- Eastern voivodeships from autumn 1734 to 1736. It was a significant burden to noblemen in Ukrainę, Podolia, Volhy…

Use the artificial Intelligent in order to Define Skills in Higher Education

2012

In order to increase the level of learning and the rate of success of students the educational policy tries to find a way to increase simultaneously the skills and the knowledge of students especially in higher education. Many approaches have aimed to find the solutions. To reach this goal normally the combination of the various sciences can be more effective than one branch. Then we interested to know how the other science can help us to be close to this goal. The artificial intelligence (AI) is a branch of science that has a very wide domain of using. It can help us in various sciences like electronic, animation, medicine, banking, industries, exploitation, robotic, security and even spea…