Search results for "suns"
showing 10 items of 74 documents
Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment, Survival Clauses and Reform of International Investment Law
2016
In the last decade, international investment law has been on a trajectory of rapid evolution with reform high on agenda priorities. Reform requires a reconciliation of competing interests, which is generally so difficult to achieve that it is often unclear whether an option constitutes ‘reform’ or unwanted change. Two specific treaty provisions, the most-favoured-nation (MFN) treatment and survival clauses, can interfere with the reform process and become an impediment to changing the rules of the game. This is particularly true when political will is present. The MFN treatment, a guarantee of non-discrimination present in the quasi-totality of investment treaties, can have far-reaching ram…
Application of a radiative cooling model to daily minimum temperature prediction
1985
A model of exponential decrease of temperature is applied to the study of night cooling in an agricultural area of citrus orchards located near the Valentian Coast (Spain). A set of annual average parameters which determine that cooling is obtained by using temperature measurements at different levels during two years. These parameters appear to be representative of the thermal behaviour of the area of study. The attainment of such parameters allows a prediction of the minimum temperatures of the area to an accuracy of £1.5 K, knowing the temperature at sunset and some time later.
Efficient flow injection and sequential injection methods for spectrophotometric determination of oxybenzone in sunscreens based on reaction with Ni(…
2001
Spectrophotometric determination of a widely used UV-filter, such as oxybenzone, is proposed. The method is based on the complexation reaction between oxybenzone and Ni(II) in ammoniacal medium. The stoichiometry of the reaction, established by the Job method, was 1:1. Reaction conditions were studied and the experimental parameters were optimized, for both flow injection (FI) and sequential injection (SI) determinations, with comparative purposes. Sunscreen formulations containing oxybenzone were analyzed by the proposed methods and results compared with those obtained by HPLC. Data show that both FI and SI procedures provide accurate and precise results. The ruggedness, sensitivity and LO…
A very simple model for computing global solar radiation
1990
Abstract In this paper a very simple model for predicting the daily global solar radiation at any Italian location using as input of a few extensively measured meterological parameters is proposed. In fact the daily radiation G (MJ m−2) is here correlated only with the sunshine duration s (h) and the noon altitude of the sun on the 15th of the month h n (degrees) by the following equation: G= Ks 0.5 (sin h n ) 1.15 where only one value of the factor K is used. The validity of this formula is verified fixing K = 7.8 and using the data from 34 Italian stations displaced at various latitudes, altitudes or geographical situations (inland or coastal site). The test results show that the deviatio…
Saules aktīvo apgabalu īpatnību pētījumi, izmantojot novērojumus mikroviļņu diapazonā
2013
Elektroniskā versija nesatur pielikumus
"The wrathful sunset glared...": The Krakatoa Sunsets in Victorian Science and Art
2020
The eruption of Krakatoa on August 27, 1883 was an event both tragic and spectacular. Thousands of lives were lost; sea waves and atmospheric disturbances were detected around the globe. Billions of tons of volcanic ash were thrown into the atmosphere producing multi-coloured sunsets caused by the scattering of light by aerosol particles. The paper discusses the ways in which these so-called Krakatoa sunsets, which were experienced by most of the world, were reflected in Victorian scientific and artistic discourse. The accounts included in the section “Descriptions of the Unusual Twilight Glows in Various Parts of the World, in 1883–84” of the Royal Society report The Eruption of Krakatoa a…
Sociālās kampaņas "Suns meklē mājas" efektivitātes novērtējums
2015
Bakalaura darba nosaukums ir Sociālās kampaņas “Suns meklē mājas” efektivitātes novērtējums. Pētījuma problēmjautājums - vai sociālā kampaņa ir bijusi efektīva - vai cilvēki pamanīja šo kampaņu, kādas ir viņu emocijas, attieksme un uzvedība. Bakalaura darba teorija sastāv no 4 nodaļām – sociālais mārketings, sociālā reklāma, reklāmas efektivitātes dimensijas un dzīvnieku ētika kā sociālās kampaņas saturs. Empīriskajā daļā tika izmantotas 3 pētniecības metodes – daļēji strukturētā intervija, satura analīze un aptauja. Izstrādājot pētījumu, galvenais secinājums ir tāds, ka kampaņa bija efektīva, cilvēkiem sociālā kampaņa patika, tā izraisīja, galvenokārt pozitīvas emocijas.
1.6 suns at 58°20′N - the solar resource in Southern Norway
2014
We measured an extreme overirradiance event of 1.6 suns at latitude 58°20′N during a solar resource assessment in southern Norway. The burst occurred when the sun showed in a narrow gap between broken, optically thin altocumulus clouds. The enhancement was most intense within 3° around the solar disk. The annual solar irradiation in the plane of an optimally tilted PV array peaked at 1.30 MWh/m2 in the year 2013, and measured 1.20 MWh/m2 in the previous two years. These values exclude irradiance below 0.05 suns but include reflections from the sea surface and terrain which have not been quantified. The long-term average predicted by the Photovoltaic Geographical Information System (PVGIS) i…
Solar Surface Magnetism and Irradiance on Time Scales from Days to the 11-Year Cycle
2009
The uninterrupted measurement of the total solar irradiance during the last three solar cycles and an increasing amount of solar spectral irradiance measurements as well as solar imaging observations (magnetograms and photometric data) have stimulated the development of models attributing irradiance variations to solar surface magnetism. Here we review the current status of solar irradiance measurements and modelling efforts based on solar photospheric magnetic fields. Thereby we restrict ourselves to the study of solar variations from days to the solar cycle. Phenomenological models of the solar atmosphere in combination with imaging observations of solar electromagnetic radiation and meas…
Dispersive solid-phase extraction based on oleic acid-coated magnetic nanoparticles followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for UV-filter de…
2011
Abstract A sensitive analytical method to concentrate and determine extensively used UV filters in cosmetic products at (ultra)trace levels in water samples is presented. The method is based on a sample treatment using dispersive solid-phase extraction (dSPE) with laboratory-made chemisorbed oleic acid-coated cobalt ferrite (CoFe 2 O 4 @oleic acid) magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as optimized sorbent for the target analytes. The variables involved in dSPE were studied and optimized in terms of sensitivity, and the optimum conditions were: mass of sorbent, 100 mg; donor phase volume, 75 mL; pH, 3; and sodium chloride concentration, 30% (w/v). After dSPE, the MNPs were eluted twice with 1.5 mL …