Search results for "tavu"
showing 10 items of 710 documents
Use of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and risk of myocardial infarction in HIV-infected patients enrolled in the D:A:D study: a multi-co…
2008
Background: Whether nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors increase the risk of myocardial infarction in HIV-infected individuals is unclear. Our aim was to explore whether exposure to such drugs was associated with an excess risk of myocardial infarction in a large, prospective observational cohort of HIV-infected patients. Methods: We used Poisson regression models to quantify the relation between cumulative, recent (currently or within the preceding 6 months), and past use of zidovudine, didanosine, stavudine, lamivudine, and abacavir and development of myocardial infarction in 33 347 patients enrolled in the D:A:D study. We adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors that are unlikely…
Antiretroviral treatment reverses HIV-associated anemia in rural Tanzania.
2011
Background HIV-associated anemia is common and associated with poor prognosis. However, its response to antiretroviral treatment (ART) in rural Africa is poorly understood. Methods HIV-infected adults (≥15 years) who enrolled in HIV care at Haydom Lutheran Hospital in northern Tanzania were included in the study. The effect of ART (zidovudine/stavudine + lamivudine + efavirenz/nevirapine) on HIV-associated anemia was studied in a subset of patients who were anemic at the time they started ART and had a follow-up hemoglobin measurement 12 months later. Pregnant women were excluded from the study, as were women who had given birth within the past 6 weeks. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin <12 …
Virological efficacy and emergence of drug resistance in adults on antiretroviral treatment in rural Tanzania
2009
Background Virological response to antiretroviral treatment (ART) in rural Africa is poorly described. We examined virological efficacy and emergence of drug resistance in adults receiving first-line ART for up to 4 years in rural Tanzania. Methods Haydom Lutheran Hospital has provided ART to HIV-infected patients since October 2003. A combination of stavudine or zidovudine with lamivudine and either nevirapine or efavirenz is the standard first-line regimen. Nested in a longitudinal cohort study of patients consecutively starting ART, we carried out a cross-sectional virological efficacy survey between November 2007 and June 2008. HIV viral load was measured in all adults who had completed…
Mitochondrial disruption and apoptosis in lymphocytes of an HIV infected patient affected by lactic acidosis after treatment with highly active antir…
2003
Aims: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) can induce an increase in lactic acid concentrations that seems to be caused by mitochondrial dysfunction induced by the interaction of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) with DNA polymerase γ in the mitochondria. Mitochondrial alterations have been described in liver and muscle cells of NRTI treated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients. Because lymphocytes are the main target for HIV and because mitochondria are involved in apoptosis, we studied mitochondrial morphology and apoptosis in the lymphocytes of an HIV infected patient with severe lactic acidosis after treatment with stavudine, didanosine, and ind…
Nuoret innovatiiviset yritykset : tarkastelussa innovointi, tuottavuus ja yritystukien vaikuttavuus
2013
Nuorille innovatiivisille yrityksille on myönnetty EU:ssa helpotuksia valtiontukien saa-miseksi. Kirjallisuudessa tällaisten nuorten, pienten ja t&k-intensiivisten yritysten on havaittu olevan poikkeuksellisia tuottamaan uusia ideoita ja kaupallistamaan niitä. Tässä tutkielmassa tarkastellaan nuorten innovatiivisten yritysten innovointikyvykkyyttä ja tuottavuutta. Lisäksi tavoitteena on tutkia, onko yritystuilla vaikutusta edellä mainittuihin innovointikyvykkyyteen sekä tuottavuuteen. Aineistona käytetään Tilastokeskuksen useita eri tilastolähteitä pääasiassa vuosilta 1995, 2000, 2004–2010. Niitä ovat Yritys- ja Konsernirekisterit, Tilinpäätös-, Tutkimus- ja kehittämistoimintatilastot, FLEE…
Long-term reliability of the Finnish behavioral and emotional rating scale
2015
In previous research, the Finnish version of the Behavioral and Emotional Rating Scale-2 has demonstrated adequate internal consistency, factor structure and convergent validity. The purpose of the present study was to examine the long-term test-retest reliability of the Finnish BERS-2. Youth, parent and teacher BERS-2 ratings were collected once a year for three years in order to assess the stability of scores. All of the correlations were significant and moderate to very large in magnitude. Study limitations, future research and implications were discussed.
Subjektiivinen tuntemus liikunnan kuormittavuuden ohjaajana inaktiivisilla naisilla : kuormittavuuden määrittäjinä syke ja askelfrekvenssi
2010
Tutkimuksen päätarkoituksena oli pilottitutkimuksen muodossa selvittää, minkälaisia fyysistä rasitusta mittaavia arvoja saadaan vähän liikuntaa harrastavilla naisilla, kun fyysisen rasituksen kuormittuneisuutta ohjaa etukäteen annettu ohjeistus subjektiivisesta tuntemuksesta kolmella eri kuormitustasolla. Objektiivisina mittareina tutkimuksessa käytettiin sykemittaria sekä askelfrekvenssiä. Lisäksi selvitettiin painoindeksin vaikutusta saatuihin arvoihin. Tutkimusaineisto koostui 13 Jyväskylän yliopiston opiskelijasta. Tilastollinen analyysi suoritettiin SPSS- ohjelmalla. Muuttujia, niiden riippuvuussuhteita sekä voimakkuuksia arvioitiin Pearsonin korrelaatiokertoimen sekä hajonta- ja boxpl…
Toxicity of binary mixtures of Cu, Cr and As to the earthworm Eisenia andrei
2020
AbstractChromated copper arsenate (CCA) mixtures were used in the past for wood preservation, leading to large scale soil contamination. This study aimed at contributing to the risk assessment of CCA-contaminated soils by assessing the toxicity of binary mixtures of copper, chromium and arsenic to the earthworm Eisenia andrei in OECD artificial soil. Mixture effects were related to reference models of Concentration Addition (CA) and Independent Action (IA) using the MIXTOX model, with effects being related to total and available (H2O and 0.01 M CaCl2 extractable) concentrations in the soil. Since only in mixtures with arsenic dose-related mortality occurred (LC50 92.5 mg/kg dry soil), it wa…
An uptake and elimination kinetics approach to assess the bioavailability of chromium, copper, and arsenic to earthworms (Eisenia andrei) in contamin…
2019
The aim of this study was to determine the bioavailability of metals in field soils contaminated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA) mixtures. The uptake and elimination kinetics of chromium, copper, and arsenic were assessed in the earthworm Eisenia andrei exposed to soils from a gradient of CCA wood preservative contamination near Hartola, Finland. In soils contaminated with 1480–1590 mg Cr/kg dry soil, 642–791 mg Cu/kg dry soil, and 850–2810 mg Ag/kg dry soil, uptake and elimination kinetics patterns were similar for Cr and Cu. Both metals were rapidly taken up and rapidly excreted by Eisenia andrei with equilibrium reached within 1 day. The metalloid As, however, showed very slow uptak…
Professional vision of Grade 1 teachers experiencing different levels of work-related stress
2022
This study explored teachers' professional vision by examining how teachers experiencing low, moderate and high work-related stress reason their eye-tracking recordings in terms of description, explanation and prediction. A qualitative analysis of retrospective think-aloud interviews with 24 Grade 1 teachers showed that teachers predominantly used description in their reasoning, while explanation and prediction were less frequent. The description mainly focused on teacher information/elaboration and classroom management/behaviour. Teachers with moderate stress utilised self-reflection most frequently, whereas teachers with high stress utilised it the least. The results suggest that the leve…