Search results for "technological change"
showing 10 items of 98 documents
Comparing past and present wage inequality in two globalisation periods
2013
Abstract This paper compares past and present globalisation with an aim to highlighting the different factors that drove wage inequality then and those which are doing so now. We have constructed a ratio of wage inequality for 15 countries in the first period of globalisation (1870–1913) and the subsequent period of deglobalisation (1914–1930) and then compare this pattern to wage inequality in the 1980s and 1990s. We propose that the difference in wage inequality trends for the two globalisation periods is due to migration and institutional factors (education and labour market institutions). These factors offset the increase in wage inequality produced by globalisation and technological ch…
Rebuilding a Cluster while protecting knowledge within Low-medium-tech supplier SMEs: A Spanish and French comparison
2021
International audience; Most of SMEs are engaged in open innovation practices, but they do not benefit from open innovation or from patenting in the same way as larger firms do. At the same time SMEs, as territorialized suppliers, play a crucial role within evolving regional specialization. In this context the purpose of our study is to examine how low and medium technology supplier SMEs learn and organize themselves at a territorial level to address the challenge of IP protection in an open innovation paradigm. We used a qualitative method with a longitudinal multi-case study involving 27 companies with a historical lance to compare the territorial dynamics of knowledge protection within c…
Difusión agronómica y protagonismo de las élites en los orígenes de la agricultura contemporánea : Valencia, 1840-60
1999
Se analizan aquí algunos mecanismos de difusión de conocimientos agronómicos en una zona agraria de la periferia europea caracterizada por los elevados rendimientos del suelo. Se estudia también el papel de las élites rurales en este proceso, destacando la función de legitimación social que ese papel tenia en la sociedad liberal del siglo XIX. Los resultados muestran que la innovación técnica no tuvo una única procedencia: se recibió información desde la Europa más avanzada pero también desde otros continentes, y se sistematizaron y difundieron técnicas empíricas ya conocidas en el propio país. This paper analyses some of the processes to spread agricultural knowledge in an agricultural are…
The Economic Impact of the Creative Industry in the European Union
2018
This work analyses the economic impact of the creative industry in the European Union. The paper quantifies the direct and indirect impacts of the creative industry, concluding that they not only have a direct impact on the employment and the production, but also contributes to the technological progress and long-term development of the European Union. Most of this contribution is due to the creative service industries, whereas the direct contribution of the creative manufacturing industries is smaller.
BIOPHARMACEUTICAL ALLIANCES AND COMPETITION: A REAL OPTIONS GAMES APPROACH
2013
The competitive landscape where pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies operate has changed radically due to a scientific/technological progress that has revolutionised the process by which drugs are developed. In fact, pharmaceutical industry more and more relies on advances in biochemistry and molecular biology. As a consequence, the number of partnerships between pharmaceutical and biotech firms has grown significantly. Research contributions addressing the biopharmaceutical alliances design have also focused on the optimal timing to sign a partnership. In this paper, we introduce and analyse the effect of competition in biotechnology industry by modelling the decisions of whether and…
Perceived information communication and technology (ICT) demands and psychological well-being among Gabon civil servants: The moderating role of soci…
2021
This study examined the role of social and organisationnal support in the relationship between emloyee perceptions of information communication and technology (ICT) demands and psychological well-b...
Exploring the sources of labour productivity growth and convergence in the Italian regions: some evidence from a production frontier approach
2009
This paper investigates labour productivity growth and regional convergence patterns in Italy over the time span 1982–2000. Starting from some evidence of spatial polarisation within Italian economy, the analysis aims at exploring the sources of this tendency. To this end, an approach based on data envelopment analysis (DEA) production frontiers is employed which allows to decompose labour productivity growth into efficiency change, technological progress and capital deepening, looking then at the relative contribution of each component to regional convergence. Moreover, some measures of human capital and public capital are used as augmentation factors of the conventional inputs. The study …
Potential Resistance of Employees to Change in the Transition to Industry 5.0
2021
The unprecedented evolution of the technological environment inevitably generates resistance to change in the population. The paper aims to detect these resistances in the conditions of a future transition to Industry 5.0. Firstly, we present the results of a bibliographic study of the specialized literature, in order to answer the dilemma of the existence or absence of the differences between the two concepts, that of Industry 4.0 and that of Industry 5.0. Secondly, the paper contains the results of an online survey based on a questionnaire conducted among employees in the central area of Romania. The research is related to the employees’ perception on the possible evolution of the economi…
Interactions, spillovers de connaissance et croissance des économies modernes. Faut-il préférer la globalisation ou la proximité géographique ?
2009
Globalisation and metropolisation in modern economies induce some locational strategies of knowledge based activities towards cities and deeply increase trade and move of ideas across cities. In that context, we study the way knowledge spillovers have influenced the economic growth of 82 European Metropolises over the 1990-2005 period. We model knowledge spillovers across cities according to three specific interaction patterns depending either on geography or on global advanced services or thought a combination of these patterns. We show that the mixed pattern matters the best for economic growth of cities in Europe.