Search results for "technologique"
showing 10 items of 23 documents
Transition vers des systèmes agricole et agroalimentaire durables : quelle place et qualification pour les légumineuses à graines ?
2017
Cet article propose une analyse historique du processus de verrouillage du système agroalimentaire en défaveur des légumineuses à graines, à l’aune des théories évolutionnistes. Plusieurs mécanismes d’autorenforcement permettent de comprendre pourquoi ces espèces sont de moins en moins cultivées en France face à un système agro-industriel qui s’est spécialisé en faveur des céréales, favorisant à l’amont l’usage d’engrais azotés de synthèse et limitant à l’aval les investissements pour les légumineuses en alimentation humaine. Cet article s’interroge alors sur les perspectives de déverrouillage.
L’enseignement supérieur, ce n’est pas pour les “petits” diplômes
2023
Contrainte de crédit et convergence vers la frontière technologique: Qu'en est-il des pays de la Zone CFA ?
2014
EnglishThis work aims to study the effects of credit-market imperfection on the convergence of the cfa zone to the frontier growth rate. It focuses on the fact that a less efficient credit market is a constraint that prevents these countries to benefit from technology transfer and causes them to deviate from the frontier of growth. The empirical approach based on generalized method of moments (gmm) in dynamic panel shows that a low level of financial development significantly slow the rate of convergence of these countries. francaisCe travail a pour objectif d’etudier les effets de l’imperfection du marche du credit sur la convergence des pays de la communaute financiere africaine (cfa) ver…
Accélération technologique et transformations organisationnelles dans l'industrie d'exploration-production d'hydrocarbures
2000
The upstream oil and gas industry experienced a dramatic technological acceleration in the early 1970's. The relationships between the agents in this industry have themselves undergone deep changes since that date. This thesis shows that a tight link exists between the technological acceleration and the organizational transformations in the upstream oil and gas industry. In a first part, it focuses on the economic theory's developments concerning industrial organization. In a second part, it applies these developments to three types of relations: those between the owner-states of hydrocarbon resources and the international petroleum companies; those between the international petroleum compa…
La contribution de l'éducation à la croissance économique du Sénégal
2013
The aim of this work is to show that education contributes to economic growth, that is to say that there is a relationship between the variables of education and economic growth in Senegal. There are several studies that have examined the relationship between education and economic growth microeconomic point of view, as well as macroeconomic, both theoretically and empirically. Empirical studies that have been done around the world, do not agree on the fact that education has a positive effect on economic growth. This ambiguity has led us to participate in the debate by testing the impact and effectiveness of education on productivity Senegalese companies. This last play an important part i…
Le système technologie, marché du travail et gestion de la main d'oeuvre : l'exemple de l'industrie électrique et électronique française au Brésil
1983
Technocritiques
2016
International audience; Les techniques promettent abondance et bonheur ; elles définissent la condition humaine d’aujourd’hui. Pourquoi les contester, et à quoi bon ? Les discours technocritiques ne masquent-ils pas des peurs irrationnelles, un conservatisme suranné, voire un propos réactionnaire ? Pourtant, depuis que les sociétés humaines sont entrées dans la spirale de l’industrialisation, des individus et des groupes très divers ont dénoncé les techniques de leur temps et agi pour en enrayer les effets.Contre l’immense condescendance de la postérité, Technocritiques est un ouvrage qui prend au sérieux ces discours et ces luttes. Depuis deux siècles, les technocritiques sont foisonnantes…
Avantages comparatifs et dynamiques de spécialisation : le cas des pays africains.
2021
In this thesis we analyze the mechanisms linking trade openness and industrialization patterns. We are particularly interested in developing countries, especially those belonging to the African continent, because of their particular form of production specialization— essentially based on agricultural and mining products. Our goal is to better understand the evolution of these forms of specialization in order to identify possible paths of industrial development. Chapter 1 provides a comprehensive overview of the literature on the theoretical determinants of international specialization and pays particular attention to theories emphasizing a dynamic view of comparative advantage. This chapter…
Dispositifs interculturels à distance
2008
In the context of intercultural online communication, certain dimensions of ICT we might call “figures sensibles” (Boutaud 2006) can be critically useful to understand co-construction, especially when these dimensions are also constitutive of an educational context. Thus, transparency, performance and conviviality help us interpret what can be called collaborative online interaction. Dispositive memory thrives on these dimensions and completes them. It explains in part the continuity of socially constructed identity of the community in question. It is the community aspect which in our context imposes itself despite cultural differences.
Trade, innovation and interdependence : a spatial econometric approach
2015
This thesis studies the consequences for innovation of international trade allowing for spatial interdependence. Indeed, the mechanisms through which international trade affects innovation are based on highlighting factors that, because they are the source of increasing returns, represent real engines of the growth. Yet, the accumulation process of these factors depends on effects which are constraints in space .First, trade flows by which technology is supposed to transmit between countries are interdependent. Second, the results highlighted in existing literature capture only the direct effect of trade on innovation. However, it is possible that a country benefits technology from an anoth…