Search results for "tendon"

Spectrum of mutations and phenotypic expression in patients with autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia identified in Italy.

2013

Abstract Objective To determine the spectrum of gene mutations and the genotype–phenotype correlations in patients with Autosomal Dominant Hypercholesterolemia (ADH) identified in Italy. Methods The resequencing of LDLR , PCSK9 genes and a selected region of APOB gene were conducted in 1018 index subjects clinically heterozygous ADH and in 52 patients clinically homozygous ADH. The analysis was also extended to 1008 family members of mutation positive subjects. Results Mutations were detected in 832 individuals: 97.4% with LDLR mutations, 2.2% with APOB mutations and 0.36% with PCSK9 mutations. Among the patients with homozygous ADH, 51 were carriers of LDLR mutations and one was an LDLR / …

Long-term use of high-heeled shoes alters the neuromechanics of human walking

2012

Human movement requires an ongoing, finely tuned interaction between muscular and tendinous tissues, so changes in the properties of either tissue could have important functional consequences. One condition that alters the functional demands placed on lower limb muscle-tendon units is the use of high-heeled shoes (HH), which force the foot into a plantarflexed position. Long-term HH use has been found to shorten medial gastrocnemius muscle fascicles and increase Achilles tendon stiffness, but the consequences of these changes for locomotor muscle-tendon function are unknown. This study examined the effects of habitual HH use on the neuromechanical behavior of triceps surae muscles during w…

How preconditioning and pretensioning of grafts used in ACLigaments surgical reconstruction are influenced by their mechanical time-dependent charact…

2021

Abstract Purpose Consensus about a pre-implant preparation protocol adaptable to any graft used in Anterior Cruciate Ligament reconstruction is still lacking. In fact, there is not agreement on reliable metrics that consider both specific graft dimensional characteristics, such as its diameter, and the inherent properties of its constitutive material, i.e. ligaments or tendons. Aim of the present study was to investigate and propose the applied engineering stress as a possible metrics. Methods Preconditioning and pretensioning protocol involved groups of grafts with different section (10 or 32 mm2) and materials (i.e. human patellar and hamstring tendons, and synthetic grafts). A 140 N load…

Shortstop Recruits EB1/APC1 and Promotes Microtubule Assembly at the Muscle-Tendon Junction

2003

Abstract Background: Shot (previously named Kakapo), is a Drosophila Plakin family member containing both Actin binding and microtubule binding domains. In Drosophila , it is required for a wide range of processes, including axon extension, dendrite formation, axonal terminal arborization at the neuromuscular junction, tendon cell development, and adhesion of wing epithelium. Results: To address how Shot exerts its activity at the molecular level, we investigated the molecular interactions of Shot with candidate proteins in mature larval tendon cells. We show that Shot colocalizes with EB1/APC1 and with a compact microtubule array extending between the muscle-tendon junction and the cuticle…

The muscleblind gene participates in the organization of Z-bands and epidermal attachments of Drosophila muscles and is regulated by Dmef2.

1998

We report the embryonic phenotype of muscleblind (mbl), a recently described Drosophila gene involved in terminal differentiation of adult ommatidia. mbl is a nuclear protein expressed late in the embryo in pharyngeal, visceral, and somatic muscles, the ventral nerve cord, and the larval photoreceptor system. All three mbl alleles studied exhibit a lethal phenotype and die as stage 17 embryos or first instar larvae. These larvae are partially paralyzed, show a characteristically contracted abdomen, and lack striation of muscles. Our analysis of the somatic musculature shows that the pattern of muscles is established correctly, and they form morphologically normal synapses. Ultrastructural a…

Exercise-induced changes in tendinous tissue compliance: Outer tendon or aponeurosis?

2011

Structural and functional features of human muscle-tendon unit.

2006

This paper reviews the architectural details and the in vivo behavior of the human muscle-tendon unit with the focus on the triceps surae and quadriceps femoris muscles. Recent advances in experimental techniques allow in vivo measurements of muscle-tendon architecture and function. In particular, the use of ultrasonography for measurement of tendon and muscle has expanded our knowledge in the last decade. Furthermore, the nuclear magnetic resonance imaging is opening up new insights not only for three-dimensional anatomical information but also for examining musculo-skeletal motion in vivo. While these two completely non-invasive methods provide kinematic data, in vivo force measurements s…

Effects of muscle action type on corticospinal excitability and triceps surae muscle-tendon mechanics

2014

The present study was designed to investigate corticospinal excitability modulation during maximum isometric and eccentric muscle actions with two different velocities. Moreover, the study aimed to clarify the effect of muscle action type on muscle-tendon mechanical behavior in order to shed light into the possible role of sensory information in modulating corticospinal excitability during different muscle actions. We compared motor evoked potentials (MEPs) to transcranial magnetic stimulation and Hoffman reflexes (H-reflex) in soleus muscle during isometric, slow eccentric (25 deg/s) and fast eccentric (100 deg/s) muscle actions. Concomitantly, ultrasonography was utilized to access soleus…

Fascicle-tendon interaction in v2 skate cross-country skiing : a case study

2015

Venymis-lyhenemis –sykli (SSC) on laajalti tutkittu liha-jänne -kompleksin (MTU) toimintamalli ihmisen liikkumisessa. Jotta SSC toiminta voidaan ymmärtää, lihaksen toiminta tulee mitata ultraäänen (US) avulla. Aiemmin yksi tutkimus on käsitellyt MTU:n toimintaa hiihdon aikana perinteisellä hiihtotavalla (Ishikawa, Sano et al. 2010). Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena on tarjota ainutlaatuinen kokeellinen tulos MTU:n toiminnasta vapaan hiihdon V2- tekniikan aikana, sekä tarjota suosituksia tulevaa tutkimusta varten. Tutkimuksessa yksi kokenut hiihtäjä suoritti protokolla Vuokatin hiihtotunnelissa. Protokolla koostui kahdesta eri mittauskerrasta, joiden välissä suoritettiin 20 km mittainen hiihtok…

Evaluation of supraspinatus tendon teras with elastosonography in comparison to US and MRI . Our experience

2009

INTRODUCTION: Elastosonography is a new promising ultrasound tool that can evaluate soft-tissue elasticity, in particular of the tendons. The purpose of this study was to value the elasticity of the supraspinatus tendon in shoulders with clinically suspected unilateral rotator cuff tear, and to compare the findings with those of US and MRI. MATHERIALS AND METHODS: 36 shoulders of 18 patients (mean age 46 years; range: 32 – 58 years) were examined by Elastosonography using the EUB – Hitachi 7500 Japan. Electronic array transducer of 13 MHz was used. By Elastosonography, we have evaluated the tendon fibers with a seminquantitative score of different colors representing stiff tissue (blue) to …