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showing 10 items of 8951 documents
Low rate of detection of active cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection early following acute myocardial infarction
2012
A pigmented and eroded lesion on the buttock.
2019
The peer review game: an agent-based model of scientists facing resource constraints and institutional pressures
2018
This paper looks at peer review as a cooperation dilemma through a game-theory framework. We built an agent-based model to estimate how much the quality of peer review is influenced by different resource allocation strategies followed by scientists dealing with multiple tasks, i.e., publishing and reviewing. We assumed that scientists were sensitive to acceptance or rejection of their manuscripts and the fairness of peer review to which they were exposed before reviewing. We also assumed that they could be realistic or excessively over-confident about the quality of their manuscripts when reviewing. Furthermore, we assumed they could be sensitive to competitive pressures provided by the ins…
EFFECTS OF TEACHER-STUDENT RELATIONSHIPS ON PEER HARASSMENT: A MULTILEVEL STUDY
2015
Peer harassment is a major social problem affecting children and adolescents internationally. Much research has focused on student-to-student harassment from either an individual or a multilevel perspective. There is a paucity of multilevel research on students’ relationships with the classroom teacher. The purpose of this study was to use a socioecological perspective to examine the relationships between individual student-level characteristics, problematic teacher–student relationships, and student-reported peer harassment. A total of 1,864 children (50.7% female) aged 8 to 13 years (M = 9.82, SD = 1.24), nested in 27 schools (58.2% public) in Spain, participated in the study. Ninety-four…
Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Damage in Neurodegenerative Diseases: From Molecular Mechanisms to Targeted Therapies
2020
The progression of Alzheimer's dementia is associated with neurovasculature impairment, which includes inflammation, microthromboses, and reduced cerebral blood flow. Here, we investigate the effects of β amyloid peptides on the function of platelets, the cells driving haemostasis. Amyloid peptide β1-42 (Aβ1-42), Aβ1-40, and Aβ25-35 were tested in static adhesion experiments, and it was found that platelets preferentially adhere to Aβ1-42 compared to other Aβ peptides. In addition, significant platelet spreading was observed over Aβ1-42, while Aβ1-40, Aβ25-35, and the scAβ1-42 control did not seem to induce any platelet spreading, which suggested that only Aβ1-42 activates platelet signalli…
Regulatory mechanisms of estrogen on vascular ageing
2019
Women can be considered hemodynamically younger than men of the same age, based on epidemiological studies establishing that the incidence of vascular diseases in women is relatively lower compared to that in aged-matched men. However, after menopause, these numbers increase to values that are close to those found in men. Vascular ageing is associated with structural and functional changes of the vascular wall, including endothelial dysfunction, arterial stiffening, and remodelling, as well as impaired angiogenesis, which become major risk factors in the development of cardiovascular disease.
Mitochondrial Markers in Aging and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma
2020
This review focuses on recent progress in understanding the role of mitochondrial markers in the context of mitochondrial dysfunction in glaucoma and discussing new therapeutic approaches to modulate mitochondrial function and potentially lead to improved outcomes in glaucoma.
A simplified framework to optimize MRI contrast preparation
2018
PURPOSE This article proposes a rigorous optimal control framework for the design of preparation schemes that optimize MRI contrast based on relaxation time differences. METHODS Compared to previous optimal contrast preparation schemes, a drastic reduction of the optimization parameter number is performed. The preparation scheme is defined as a combination of several block pulses whose flip angles, phase terms and inter-pulse delays are optimized to control the magnetization evolution. RESULTS The proposed approach reduces the computation time of B 0 -robust preparation schemes to around a minute (whereas several hours were required with previous schemes), with negligible performance loss. …
Vascular ageing and the related complications in the brain: New insights on related mechanisms and their translational applications
2021
s consequence of “populations aging phenomenon”, the burden of incessant increase of incidence and prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases (NeuroDegD) is becoming very alarming, as well as it is gaining an important attention the developing of intervention measures, essen-tially preventive. Of consequence, the knowledge of primordial Neuro-DegD causes, and the related mechanisms, appears to be fundamental. Consistent with this, growing evidence reports a close link of the vascular aging, dysfunction and diseases with the onset and progression of NeuroDegD.
Usability issues of clinical and research applications of virtual reality in older people: A systematic review
2020
Aging is a condition that may be characterized by a decline in physical, sensory, and mental capacities, while increased morbidity and multimorbidity may be associated with disability. A wide range of clinical conditions (e.g., frailty, mild cognitive impairment, metabolic syndrome) and age-related diseases (e.g., Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, cancer, sarcopenia, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases) affect older people. Virtual reality (VR) is a novel and promising tool for assessment and rehabilitation in older people. Usability is a crucial factor that must be considered when designing virtual systems for medicine. We conducted a systematic review with Preferred Reporting Items…