Search results for "thione"
showing 10 items of 865 documents
The effects of alpha-cypermethrin exposure on biochemical and redox parameters in pregnant rats and their newborns
2016
IF 2.388; International audience; Pyrethroid insecticides are extensively used in agriculture and in household activities. During pregnancy, they might affect maternal metabolic status and there after fetal development. In this work, we studied metabolic and redox effects of low dose alpha-cypermethrin exposure in pregnant rats and their offspring. The diet containing alpha cypermethrin at 0.02 mg/kg/day was consumed during the entire gestation. Plasma biochemical parameters as well as liver lipid and oxidative stress markers were determined. Our results showed that alpha-cypermethrin induced an increase in body weight and in plasma glucose and lipid levels, as well as in plasma aspartate a…
Profiling the physiological and molecular response to sulfonamidic drag in Procambarus clarkii
2014
Sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) is one of the most widely employed sulfonamides. Because of the widespread use of SMZ, a considerable amount is indeed expected to be introduced into the environment. The cytotoxicity of SMZ relies mainly on arylhydroxylamine metabolites (S-NOH) of SMZ and it is associated with the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). There is limited information about the toxic potential of SMZ at the cellular and molecular levels, especially in aquatic and/or non-target organisms. In the present study, the red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii), being tolerant to extreme environmental conditions and resistant to disease, was used as a model organism to profile the molecula…
Glutathione metabolism in type 2 diabetes and its relationship with microvascular complications and glycemia
2018
Aims/hypotheses We hypothesized that there is decreased synthesis of glutathione (GSH) in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) especially in the presence of microvascular complications, and this is dependent on the degree of hyperglycemia. Methods In this case-control study, we recruited 16 patients with T2DM (7 without and 9 with microvascular complications), and 8 age- and sex-matched non-diabetic controls. We measured GSH synthesis rate using an infusion of [2H2]-glycine as isotopic tracer and collection of blood samples for liquid chromatography mass spectrometric analysis. Results Compared to the controls, T2DM patients had lower erythrocyte GSH concentrations (0.90 ± 0.42 vs. 0.35 ± 0.30 mmol/L; P …
Beneficial Effect of Docosahexanoic Acid and Lutein on Retinal Structural, Metabolic, and Functional Abnormalities in Diabetic Rats
2009
To assess the effect of docosahexanoic acid (DHA) and lutein (both compounds with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties) on experimental diabetic retinopathy.Male Wistar rats were studied: non-diabetic controls, untreated diabetic controls, and diabetic rats were treated with DHA and lutein or the combination of DHA + insulin and lutein + insulin for 12 weeks. Oxidative stress and inflammatory markers, apoptosis, and functional tests were studied to confirm biochemical and functional changes in the retina of diabetic rats. Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione concentrations (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase activity (GPx) were measured as oxidative stress markers. TUNEL assay and caspa…
Hypothalamic reactive oxygen species are required for insulin-induced food intake inhibition: an NADPH oxidase-dependent mechanism
2009
1939-327X (Electronic) Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; OBJECTIVE: Insulin plays an important role in the hypothalamic control of energy balance, especially by reducing food intake. Emerging data point to a pivotal role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in energy homeostasis regulation, but their involvement in the anorexigenic effect of insulin is unknown. Furthermore, ROS signal derived from NADPH oxidase activation is required for physiological insulin effects in peripheral cells. In this study, we investigated the involvement of hypothalamic ROS and NADPH oxidase in the feeding behavior regulation by insulin. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We first measured hypothalamic RO…
Antioxidant effect of Ajuga iva aqueous extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
2009
The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible antioxidant effect of an aqueous extract of Ajuga iva (Ai) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Twelve diabetic rats were divided into two groups fed a casein diet supplemented or not with Ai (0.5%), for 4 weeks. In vitro, the Ai extract possessed a very high antioxidant effect (1 mg/ml was similar to those of trolox 300 mmol/l). The results indicated that plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values were reduced by 41% in Ai-treated compared with untreated diabetic rats. TBARS concentrations were lower 1.5-fold in liver, 1.8-fold in heart, 1.9-fold in muscle and 2.1-fold in brain in Ai-treated than untreat…
Experimental diabetic neuropathy: role of oxidative stress and mechanisms involved.
1998
Oxidative stress has been related to the development of diabetic neuropathy. Experimental diabetes (alloxan injection to mice) promotes early biochemical changes in peripheral nervous tissue, e.g., decrease in Na,K-ATPase activity and glutathione (GSH) peroxidase (GSHPx) activity. The former decrease can be reverted by inhibiting protein kinase C (PKC), since it has been reported that PKC is activated in these experimental conditions. Here we present data demonstrating that the inhibition of PKC, as early as 4 days after alloxan administration, is not able to return to normal values GSHPx activity in sciatic nerve of diabetic mice. Thus, it would fit with our previous proposal of the possib…
Decreased glutathione peroxidase activity in sciatic nerve of alloxan-induced diabetic mice and its correlation with blood glucose levels.
1993
The effect of alloxan-induced diabetes on glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in sciatic nerve of mice has been studied. We have found, 7 days after alloxan treatment, a significant decrease in this enzymatic activity in the cytosol of sciatic nerve of diabetic mice, and moreover, that these changes remained unaltered up to 21 days after alloxan injection. No modification in the glutathione content of sciatic nerve of diabetic mice was observed throughout the experiment when compared with controls. The decrease in GSH-Px activity in this tissue shows a good correlation with the increase of blood glucose levels throughout the experiment. It is hypothesized whether a combination of mecha…
Fructose-enriched diet modifies antioxidant status and lipid metabolism in spontaneously hypertensive rats
2005
Abstract Objective High-fructose consumption in industrial countries has been shown to induce metabolic abnormalities or syndrome X. Changes in antioxidant defense are unknown in hypertension associated with metabolic disorders induced by high-fructose feeding. Methods Twenty spontaneously hypertensive rats were assigned to one of two groups; one received a fructose-enriched diet (60% fructose) and the other a starch diet. After a 13-wk diet period, total antioxidant status was assessed in the blood and liver by monitoring the rate of free radical-induced red blood cell hemolysis. Antioxidants (enzymes and vitamins) were determined in blood and liver. Gene expression of antioxidant enzymes …
Effects of thrombin and of the phospholipase C inhibitor, D609, on the vascularity of the chick chorioallantoic membrane.
2000
Abstract Microvascular corrosion casting was used to assess the effects of thrombin and D609, a phospholipase C inhibitor, on the vascularity of the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). Discs containing vehicle, thrombin or D609 were placed on the CAM of fertilized white Leghorn eggs on Day 9 of gestation and vascularity was assessed on Day 11. Thrombin caused significant increases in the numbers (43%), diameters (5%) and lengths (17%), of both pre- and postcapillaries (first-order vessels by centripetal ordering). Conversely, D609 caused a decrease in the numbers (27%), lengths (12%) and diameters (8%) of first-order vessels. D609 decreased the total vascular volume of first- to th…