Search results for "toy"

Role of hydrophobic forces in bilayer adhesion and fusion.

1992

With the aim of gaining more insight into the forces and molecular mechanisms associated with bilayer adhesion and fusion, the surface forces apparatus (SFA) was used for measuring the forces and deformations of interacting supported lipid bilayers. Concerning adhesion, we find that the adhesion between two bilayers can be progressively increased by up to two orders of magnitude if they are stressed to expose more hydrophobic groups. Concerning fusion, we find that the most important force leading to direct fusion is the hydrophobic attraction acting between the (exposed) hydrophobic interiors of bilayers; however, the occurrence of fusion is not simply related to the strength of the attrac…

Mixed monolayers of natural and polymeric phospholipids: structural characterization by physical and enzymatic methods

1990

This study has focused on physical characterization and enzymatic hydrolysis of mixed monolayers of a natural phospholipid substrate and a polymerizable phospholipid analogue. Such a mixed system presents the possibility to stabilize model biomembranes, vary the molecular environment within the layer through polymerization and simultaneously examine these influences on monolayer structure. Phospholipase A2 was used here as a sensitive probe of the molecular environment within these mixed, polymerizable monolayers to complement information obtained from isotherm and isobar data. The results clearly show a strong influence of molecular environment on phospholipase A2 activity, even if differe…

Temperature and polymer crosslinking degree influence on drug transfer from alpha,beta-polyasparthydrazide hydrogel to model membranes. A calorimetri…

1998

Abstract A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, diflunisal, has been chosen as drug model to be incorporated in α , β -polyasparthydrazide (PAHy) matrices to study the effect of polymer crosslinking degrees on the release processes from hydrogel ( X =0.4 and X =0.8) to a model membrane represented by unilamellar vesicles of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine. The technique employed to monitor these processes was differential scanning calorimetry that appears to be particularly suitable to follow the transfer kinetics of a drug from a controlled release system to void biomembrane model. The drug release from the two PAHy hydrogels differently crosslinked by glutaraldehyde to the lipidic model w…

Structure of the anchor-domain of myristoylated and non-myristoylated HIV-1 Nef protein 1 1Edited by A. R. Fersht

1999

Negative factor (Nef) is a regulatory myristoylated protein of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that has a two-domain structure consisting of an anchor domain and a core domain separated by a specific cleavage site of the HIV proteases. For structural analysis, the HIV-1 Nef anchor domain (residues 2-57) was synthesized with a myristoylated and non-myristoylated N terminus. The structures of the two peptides were studied by1H NMR spectroscopy and a structural model was obtained by restrained molecular dynamic simulations. The non-myristoylated peptide does not have a unique, compactly folded structure but occurs in a relatively extended conformation. The only rather well-defined canonical…

Molecular organization via ionic interactions at interfaces. 1. Monolayers and LB films of cyclic bisbipyridinium tetracations and dimyristoylphospha…

1993

Citizenship Education at the Republican Schools in France: Comprehensive Review and Teachers' Points of View

2019

Citizenship Education at the Republican Schools in France: Comprehensive Review and Teachers' Points of View This thesis deals with citizenship education in France, a subject that has been on the agenda for some thirty years and the object of intense debates, especially in a national community deeply shocked by recent terrorist attacks. As there are but few studies on the subject, especially from an empirical perspective (Bozec, 2016), our objective is a comprehensive review of citizenship education in France. We explore how the subject is conceived officially and integrates national curricula as well as how it is implemented at school. In fact, we seek to answer the question: how is citize…

Violences scolaires et culture (s)

2005

La question de la violence scolaire est d'abord une question politique. L'École est un lieu politique parce que s'y jouent des jeux et enjeux de pouvoir dont la violence scolaire est la forme émergente. L'École de la République est aujourd'hui confrontée à des demandes croissantes de pluralité culturelles et cultuelles. Comment est-il possible de comprendre les formes de violence et de déviances scolaires ? Voici les résultats d'un colloque organisé dans et par un lycée.

Quelle "citoyenneté industrielle" à la SNCF ? Premiers éléments

2019

International audience; Dans un contexte de transformation des règles de représentation syndicale et de la négociation collective, de reconfiguration des institutions représentatives du personnel, d’évolutions et de débats concernant la participation de représentants des salariés au sein des conseils d’administration et, plus au fond, d’évolution de la sociologie et du débat syndical mais aussi de réformes ferroviaires récurrentes, touchant notamment au statut du personnel, il est proposé d’examiner comment dans une entreprise, telle la SNCF, certains acteurs – en l’occurrence les organisations syndicales – mais aussi le (célèbre) « statut » du personnel appréhendent (ou pas) cette notion d…

La educación ambiental en las Agendas 21 Locales de la provincia de Valencia

2017

La Educación Ambiental nació con la vocación de colaborar en la mejora ambiental, para ello, es de suma importancia incorporarla en los procesos de participación ciudadana de las Agendas 21. Consecuentemente se hace necesaria la planificación de la Educación Ambien tal Municipal mediante planes y programas en las Agendas 21 Locales. En este trabajo analizamos en qué medida se ha incorporado la Educación Ambiental en la Red de M unicipios firmantes de la Carta de Xàtiva en la Provincia de Valencia. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó el cuestionario estructurado que fue enviado a los 213 municipios firmantes de dicho documento. Los resultados obtenidos nos permiten afirmar que son escaso…

Éducation à la citoyenneté et compétences citoyennes des collégiens et lycéens

2019

Référence interne : 19094