Search results for "traffic"
showing 10 items of 598 documents
Improving similarity measures for re-identification of vehicles using AMR sensors
2013
The use of Anisotropic Magneto-Resistive (AMR) sensors for road traffic monitoring has gained popularity in recent years. The Earth magnetic field variations caused by vehicles passing over this kind of sensors can be measured and used for various purposes, including vehicle re-identification at different sensing zones. AMR sensors provide data that allow the calculation of traffic parameters by using simple signal processing techniques. But when vehicle re-identification is the objective, it is not clear which is the best method to compare the signals from different sensors in order to know whether or not they belong to the same vehicle. This paper presents an experimental study with the o…
I traffici illeciti nel Mediterraneo. Persone, stupefacenti, tabacco. Report Spagna
2019
Il Report analizza il sistema penale spagnolo attraverso la disciplina di contrasto a quattro diversi traffici: favoreggiamento dell'immigrazione clandestina, tratta di esseri umani, traffico di stupefacenti e contrabbando di sigarette. Il Report è parte di una più vasta ricerca ("The New Era of Smuggling in the Mediterranean Sea", NESMeS) volta ad analizzare i suddetti traffici all'interno del Mediterraneo, con specifico riferimento ai seguenti Paesi: Germania, Grecia, Italia, Portogallo e Spagna. Oltre al Report spagnolo, la ricerca NESMeS ha realizzato altri contributi: uno per ciascun Paese, un report criminologico e un libro finale ("I traffici illeciti nel Mediterraneo. Persone, stupe…
Reading traffic signs while driving: Are linguistic word properties relevant in a complex, dynamic environment?
2019
When driving a vehicle, do we read the words displayed on traffic signs just as we do in more standard conditions? In the driving context, stimulus quality is generally worse, and reading has to be performed at the same time as we are doing other tasks. In the present work, we examined the effects of word frequency and word length on reading in such circumstances. A stimulus presentation mimicking the approach to the traffic sign increased the effect of word frequency, but not the effect of word length, on reading latency. In addition, performing the reading task while driving along a simulated route produced similar results. Therefore, in the context of the driving activity, the advantage …
Calibrating a microscopic traffic simulation model for roundabouts using genetic algorithms
2018
The paper introduces a methodological approach based on genetic algorithms to calibrate microscopic traffic simulation models. The specific objective is to test an automated procedure utilizing genetic algorithms for assigning the most appropriate values to driver and vehicle parameters in AIMSUN. The genetic algorithm tool in MATLAB® and AIMSUN micro-simulation software were used. A subroutine in Python implemented the automatic interaction of AIMSUN with MATLAB®. Focus was made on two roundabouts selected as case studies. Empirical capacity functions based on summary random-effects estimates of critical headway and follow up headway derived from meta-analysis were used as reference for ca…
Modeling accident risk at the road level through zero-inflated negative binomial models: A case study of multiple road networks
2021
Abstract This paper presents a case study carried out in multiple cities of the Valencian Community (Spain) to determine the effect of sociodemographic and road characteristics on traffic accident risk. The analyzes are performed at the road segment level, considering the linear network representing the road structure of each city as a spatial lattice. The number of accidents observed in each road segment from 2010 to 2019 is taken as the response variable, and a zero-inflated modeling approach is considered. Count overdispersion and spatial dependence are also accounted for. Despite the complexity and sparsity of the data, the fitted models performed considerably well, with few exceptions.…
Fractional Brownian motion and Martingale-differences
2004
Abstract We generalize a result of Sottinen (Finance Stochastics 5 (2001) 343) by proving an approximation theorem for the fractional Brownian motion, with H> 1 2 , using martingale-differences.
Accounting for previous events to model and predict traffic accidents at the road segment level: A study in Valencia (Spain)
2022
Abstract Predicting the occurrence of traffic accidents is essential for establishing preventive measures and reducing the impact of traffic accidents. In particular, it is fundamental to make predictions using fine spatio-temporal units. In this paper, the daily risk of traffic accident occurrence across the road network of Valencia (Spain) is modeled through logistic regression models. The spatio-temporal dependence between the observations is accounted for through the inclusion of lagged binary covariates representing the previous occurrence of a traffic accident within a spatio-temporal window centered at each combination of day and segment of the network. A temporal distance of 28 days…
The coalescent in population models with time-inhomogeneous environment
2002
AbstractThe coalescent theory, well developed for the class of exchangeable population models with time-homogeneous reproduction law, is extended to a class of population models with time-inhomogeneous environment, where the population size is allowed to vary deterministically with time and where the distribution of the family sizes is allowed to change from generation to generation. A new class of time-inhomogeneous coalescent limit processes with simultaneous multiple mergers arises. Its distribution can be characterized in terms of product integrals.
Social Intervention in Traffic Safety
2001
Traffic accidents during the transport of merchandise or passengers on roads and highways have, from the beginning, taken by surprise those who have experienced them themselves or involving persons close to them, as well as those who have witnessed accidents or, in one way or another, helped to alleviate their effects. They say that Albert Einstein commented after the death of a friend: “The worst thing is not only the fact that traffic accidents occur, but also how little we know about why they happen and how little we do to prevent them...”
To what extent do our walking and cycling behaviours relate to each other, and do we cycle as well as we think we do? Piloting the Walking and Cyclin…
2022
Greater uptake of active transport has been argued as necessary for the transport system to achieve relevant sustainability and public health goals; however, the research tools used to investigate behaviour when using these modes are far less well-developed than those used to investigate driving behaviour. This study takes two self-report behavioural measures, the Walking Behaviour Questionnaire (WBQ) and the Cycling Behaviour Questionnaire (WBQ), and pilots them in the UK. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses with data from 428 respondents revealed factor structures different to those described in the limited number of previous studies that used the CBQ and WBQ. Across both questio…