Search results for "traffic"
showing 10 items of 598 documents
From Laboratory Mixes Evaluation to Full Scale Test: Fatigue Behavior of Bio-Materials Recycled Asphalt Mixtures
2020
The present paper describes the full-scale accelerated test, carried out on asphalt pavements made up with bio-materials, especially designed to help reusing Reclaimed Asphalt (RA) by re-activating the aged binder. Four pavement sections were evaluated: three pavement sections with innovative bio-materials (bio-recycled asphalt mixtures), and a reference section with a conventional, high modulus asphalt mix (EME2). In this study, fatigue resistance was first evaluated in laboratory, with two-points bending test, and then at full scale under heavy traffic loading, with the IFSTTAR accelerated pavement testing facility. The evolution of bio-materials recycled asphalt mixture characteristics, …
Motor Vehicles Not Used in Road Traffic Are Also Subject to Compulsory Insurance in Europe - CJEU Clarification in Case C-80/17
2019
The article analyses a recent significant case in the Court of Justice of the European Union on the extent of compulsory insurance in the field of motor insurance. The judgment delivered by the Grand Chamber of the CJEU on 04 September 2018 clarifies the obligation to conclude a motor insurance contract in a situation when a motor vehicle is no longer intended to be used in road traffic. If previously there was no doubt that motor vehicles that are used in road traffic are subject to compulsory insurance, it was unclear whether compulsory insurance in the field of motor insurance also extends to vehicles which are no longer intended to be used in road traffic. The Court formulated the ‘thre…
Legibility of Text and Pictograms in Variable Message Signs: Can Single-Word Messages Outperform Pictograms?
2018
The current research shows the advantage of single-word messages in the particular case of variable message signs (VMSs) with a high aspect ratio.Early studies on traffic sign design proposed that pictorial information would advantage equivalent text messages in static signs.We used a driving simulator to present individually 36 VMSs, showing six words (e.g., "congestion") and six danger signs (e.g., congestion traffic sign). In Experiment 1, 18 drivers read aloud the text or orally identified the pictograms as soon as they could correctly do it. In Experiment 2, a different sample of 18 drivers gave a motor response, according to the meaning of the message. We analyzed the legibility dista…
The guilty, the unlucky, or the unaware? Assessing self-reported behavioral contributors and attributions on pedestrian crashes through structural eq…
2020
Introduction: Recent literature suggests that the causation of pedestrians' crashes and the contribution of safety-related behaviors within them may substantially differ compared to other road users. This study aimed to test the effect of individual factors and safety-related road behaviors on the self-reported walk- ing crashes suffered by pedestrians and, complementarily, to analyze the causes that pedestrians attrib- uted to the crashes they suffered as pedestrians during the previous five years. Method: For this cross- sectional research performed in Spain, data from a nationwide sample of 2,499 pedestrians from the 17 regions of the country were collected. Participants had a mean age o…
Gender and age distribution of motorcycle crashes in Spain.
2018
This study analysed motorcycle crashes in Spain. Ninety-nine thousand three hundred and four motorcycle crash reports filed in the years 2006-2011 were extracted from the Directorate General of Traffic database of crashes with victims. These data were analysed in terms of gender, age groups, trip purpose, type of crash, speed violation, day of the week, harm caused, use of helmet and psychophysical conditions of the driver to study the characteristics of motorcycle crashes in Spain and to assess the differences between male and female motorcycle drivers in these crashes. Significant differences were found in all the variables considered in the study, which implies gender differences in the …
Effects of Adjacent Vehicles on Judgments of a Lead Car During Car Following.
2016
Objective: Two experiments were conducted to determine whether detection of the onset of a lead car’s deceleration and judgments of its time to contact (TTC) were affected by the presence of vehicles in lanes adjacent to the lead car. Background: In a previous study, TTC judgments of an approaching object by a stationary observer were influenced by an adjacent task-irrelevant approaching object. The implication is that vehicles in lanes adjacent to a lead car could influence a driver’s ability to detect the lead car’s deceleration and to make judgments of its TTC. Method: Displays simulated car-following scenes in which two vehicles in adjacent lanes were either present or absent. Participa…
Physical injury and depression in six low- and middle-income countries: A nationally representative study.
2019
BACKGROUND: Studies on the association between physical injury and depression in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are scarce. Therefore, our goal was to analyze the association between physical injury and depression using nationally representative data from six LMICs. METHODS: Cross-sectional data from the Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) survey (2007-2010) were analyzed (N?=?42,489). Questions based on the World Mental Health Survey version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview were used for the endorsement of past 12-month DSM-IV depression. Any injury in our analysis referred to having experienced traffic injury or other injury in the past 12 months. M…
Commuting Accidents in the German Chemical Industry
2010
Due to accident severity and the extent of claim payments commuting accidents are a significant expense factor in the German industry. Therefore the aim of the present study was the identification of risk factors for commuting accidents in a German chemical company. A retrospective analysis of commuting accidents recorded between 1990 and 2003 was conducted in a major chemical company in Germany. A logistic regression-model was calculated in order to determine factors influencing the duration of work inability as a result of commuting accidents. The analysed data included 5,484 employees with commuting accidents. Cars (33.1%) and bicycles (30.5%) were the most common types of vehicles used …
Accident ahead? Difficulties of drivers with and without reading impairment recognising words and pictograms in variable message signs
2017
A timely and accurate acquisition of the information provided by variable message signs (VMS) can be crucial while driving. In the current study, we assess the difficulties of adults with dyslexia acquiring the information shown in VMS and provide evidence to discuss the controversial use of pictograms as potential countermeasures. Twenty-two adults with dyslexia and 22 matched controls completed a simulated driving session. The legibility of 12 VMS was assessed, including six text messages (e.g. "ACCIDENT") and six single pictograms (e.g. the icon for "accident ahead"). On average, participants with dyslexia started reading text messages when they were closer to the VMS. In addition, while…
When the social discourse on violation behaviors is challenged by the perception of everyday life experiences: Effects of non-accident experiences on…
2016
International audience; The aim of this article is to introduce the concept of the Non-Accident Experience (NAE) with regard to violations of traffic safety regulations. An NAE refers to the fact of not having been involved in an accident following the adoption of a behaviour socially recognised as promoting its occurrence. We hypothesise that this type of experiences has a strong effect on attitudes (valence and strength) and habits with regard to traffic offences such as speeding and drink-drive. An empirical study was conducted to test the relevance of this set of hypotheses. 543 French drivers participated to a survey designed to measure all these theoretical constructs. As expected, th…