Search results for "traffic"
showing 10 items of 598 documents
Estimating economic severity of Air Traffic Flow Management regulations
2021
The development of trajectory-based operations and the rolling network operations plan in European air traffic management network implies a move towards more collaborative, strategic flight planning. This opens up the possibility for inclusion of additional information in the collaborative decision-making process. With that in mind, we define the indicator for the economic risk of network elements (e.g., sectors or airports) as the expected costs that the elements impose on airspace users due to Air Traffic Flow Management (ATFM) regulations. The definition of the indicator is based on the analysis of historical ATFM regulations data, that provides an indication of the risk of accruing dela…
An agent based model of air traffic management
2013
The WP-E ELSA project aims at developing an empirically grounded agent based model that describes some of the stylized facts observed in the Air Traffic Management of the European airspace. The model itself has two main parts: (i) The strategic layer, focused on the interaction between the Network Manager and the Airline Operators and (ii) the tactical layer, focused on aircraft and controllers behaviour in Air Traffic Control (ATC) sectors. The preliminary results for the strategic layer show that when we have a mixing of re-routing and shifting companies, the overall satisfaction can even increase together with the number of flights, which is an effect not observed when only one type of c…
Complex Networks in Air Transport
2016
The application of CNT to air traffic management has seen significant growth in recent years. This is partly because air traffic can be seen as the superposition of different networks, including the networks of airports, sectors and navigation points. Moreover each of these networks can be seen as a multiplex – for example, by associating each layer with a different airline. The study of the topology of these networks is important for several reasons related to understanding, monitoring, controlling, and optimising the air traffic system. The topological properties of air traffic networks are useful: (i) for studying how the air traffic has changed in recent years; (ii) for identifying the …
Annoyance due to residential road traffic and aircraft noise: Empirical evidence from two European cities
2021
Based on a study in two European cities, Mainz in Germany and Zurich in Switzerland, the article investigates both acoustical and non-acoustical factors affecting indoor annoyance due to residential road traffic and aircraft noise. We specifically focus on three factors: (1) the role of windows as a feature of the building where people live; (2) the role of individual environmental concern as a general attitude; and (3) the role of household income as an indicator of socioeconomic resources. Empirical results show that closed windows in general and closed high-quality windows in particular are an important barrier against outdoor road traffic and aircraft noise, as well as a helpful subject…
Green Homeowners? An Empirical Application of Fischel’s Homevoter Hypothesis
2021
It is a no-brainer that owners of private property usually care about their personal possessions. But does this also apply to public goods? Fischel’s homevoter hypothesis argues that property owners—in this case homeowners—will exhibit more than average concern with regard to public goods, particularly local public goods in their own neighborhood such as the local crime rate, nearby schools, and environmental quality. This contribution applies Fischel’s hypothesis to the public good of residential environmental conditions. Based on survey and administrative data collected in two cities, Mainz in Germany and Zurich in Switzerland, it examines whether house and apartment owners, as compared t…
Exploring the “Cozy Cabal of Academics, Dealers and Collectors” through the Schøyen Collection
2020
In the wake of the trade in ancient materials, several ethical and political issues arise that merit concern: The decimation of the cultural heritage of war-torn countries, proliferation of corruption, ideological connotations of orientalism, financial support of terrorism, and participation in networks involved in money laundering, weapon sales, human trafficking and drugs. Moreover, trafficking and trading also have a harmful effect on the fabric of academia itself. This study uses open sources to track the history of the private Schø
Archaeometric Study of Two Tanagra Type Statuettes of Unknown Provenance to Support Forensic Study
2022
This paper is concerned with a morphological-stylistic and archaeometric study of two small pottery statues, confiscated by the Cosenza Carabinieri Unit for the Protection of Cultural Heritage and Anti-Counterfeiting (Calabria, Italy). The research aimed to establish the authenticity of the artworks and to verify a possible origin from the same workshop manufacturing, by providing indications about the textural features and raw materials used for their production. For these purposes, the analytical approach involved the use of minero-petrographic and physical analysis, as follows: petrographic analysis (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermoluminescence tests (TL). The preliminary observat…
Principio di non incriminazione della vittima di tratta autore di reato e obblighi di tutela ai sensi dell'art. 4 Cedu. Primi chiarimenti dalla Corte…
2022
Per la prima volta, la Corte europea dei diritti dell’uomo (Corte EDU) è chiamata a decidere se, ed entro quali limiti, un ordinamento che non rispetta il principio di non-incriminazione della vittima di tratta (VDT) per i reati da questa commessi violi o meno il divieto di schiavitù e di lavoro forzato stabilito dall’art. 4 della Convezione europea dei diritti dell’uomo (CEDU). Che il principio di non incriminazione abbia trovato tutela convenzionale soltanto sotto un profilo procedimentale, e non anche sostanziale, può a prima vista deludere le aspettative di chi ne auspica ormai da tempo un’ampia attuazione. Non può però escludersi che sia proprio sul piano della tutela procedimentale, d…
Preamble Transmission Prediction for mMTC Bursty Traffic : A Machine Learning based Approach
2020
The evolution of Internet of things (IoT) towards massive IoT in recent years has stimulated a surge of traffic volume among which a huge amount of traffic is generated in the form of massive machine type communications. Consequently, existing network infrastructure is facing challenges when handling rapidly growing traffic load, especially under bursty traffic conditions which may more often lead to congestion. By proactively predicting the occurrence of congestion, we can implement necessary means and conceivably avoid congestion. In this paper, we propose a machine learning (ML) based model for predicting successful preamble transmissions at a base station and subsequently forecasting th…
An Encrypted Traffic Classification Framework Based on Convolutional Neural Networks and Stacked Autoencoders
2020
In recent years, deep learning-based encrypted traffic classification has proven to be effective; especially, using neural networks to extract features from raw traffic to classify encrypted traffic. However, most of the neural networks need a fixed-sized input, so that the raw traffic need to be trimmed. This will cause the loss of some information; for example, we do not know the number of packets in a session. To solve these problems, a framework, which implements both a convolutional neural network (CNN) and a stacked autoencoder (SAE), is proposed in this paper. This framework uses a CNN to extract high-level features from raw network traffic and uses an SAE to encode the 26 statistica…