Search results for "trafficking"
showing 10 items of 103 documents
Biodistribution, Uptake and Effects Caused by Cancer-derived Extracellular Vesicles
2015
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have recently emerged as important mediators of intercellular communication. They are released in the extracellular space by a variety of normal and cancerous cell types and have been found in all human body fluids. Cancer-derived EVs have been shown to carry lipids, proteins, mRNAs, non-coding and structural RNAs and even extra-chromosomal DNA, which can be taken up by recipient cells and trigger diverse physiological and pathological responses. An increasing body of evidence suggests that cancer-derived EVs mediate paracrine signalling between cancer cells. This leads to the increased invasiveness, proliferation rate and chemoresistance, as well as the acquisi…
Il ruolo dell'organizzazione criminale nel contrasto al traffico illecito di tabacchi lavorati esteri
2019
the paper intends to analyze the features of the Italian criminal law on cigarette smuggling. The domestic system faces the illicit tobacco trade in a very peculiar way, especially if compared with the criminal law of other European countries (e.g. Germany, Greece, Portugal and Spain). The Italian strict regulation (artt. 291 bis, ter, quarter T.U.D.) could appear also unreasonable if set side by side with the domestic legislation on smuggling of goods. Indeed, the latter is characterized by a large use of administrative sanctions instead of the severe criminal penalties related to the cigarette smuggling. The paper aims at demonstrating that the domestic firm method is based on the will to…
Between Criminalization and Protection. The Italian Way of Dealing with Migrant Smuggling and Trafficking within the European and International Conte…
2019
This volume is devoted to the dark side of human mobility, that is migrant smuggling, and, linked with it, human trafficking. Both subjects will be mainly treated from an Italian perspective; however, due to their having a generally transnational character, the analysis will necessarily require that international and supranational actions/measures also be taken into account. Moreover, the legal perspective will be supplemented by the phenomenological/criminological one, through which the authors try to provide the work with a realistic dimension aimed at grasping the practical aspects of both migrant smuggling and human trafficking emerging from the different ways in which such crimes are d…
Recapturing Joaquín “Chapo” Guzmán in the Mexican Press: An Analysis of the Front Page of El Universal, Reforma, Excélsior, and La Jornada in 2016
2018
This article, whose aim is to know exactly how the headlines of Mexico's four main newspapers have reported on the recapture of Joaquín Guzmán, will show the results of an analysis of the journalistic content of these four Mexican newspapers. These are general papers, which published information on their front page regarding the recapture of the drug trafficker Joaquín 'Chapo' Guzmán. The events took place on January 8, 2016, six months after his escape from Altiplano prison in Mexico. If the escape was spectacular-being from a high-security prison and evidencing collusion of authorities and corruption of the system-the recapture was even more so. Well-known figures, such as actors Kate del…
Dynamic changes in the subcellular distribution of the tobacco ROS-producing enzyme RBOHD in response to the oomycete elicitor cryptogein.
2014
Highlight text The oomycete elicitor cryptogein triggers the relocation of RBOHD from intracellular compartments to the plasma membrane in tobacco cells. This suggests that intracellular trafficking is a potential determinant of RBOHD activity.
Protection of trafficked people in Italy: policies, limits and challenges
2015
Purpose– The purpose of the article is to analyse the Italian anti-trafficking system by examining its effectiveness in the protection of trafficked people.Design/methodology/approach– The article examines the protection of trafficked people in Italy, focusing in particular on the implementation of Article 18 of the “Consolidated Act of Measures Governing Immigration and Norms on the Condition of Foreign Citizens” (Legislative Decree n. 286/1998), which provides victims with protection and a residence permit independent of their cooperation with the competent authorities in criminal proceedings against offenders.Findings– The article demonstrates that, though the Italian legal framework on …
I traffici illeciti nel Mediterraneo. Persone, stupefacenti, tabacco. Report Germania
2019
Il Report analizza il diritto penale tedesco relativo a quattro diversi tipi di traffico: il traffico di migranti, la tratta di esseri umani, il traffico di stupefacenti e il contrabbando di sigarette. Il Report fa parte di una più ampia ricerca ("The New Era of Smuggling in the Mediterranean Sea", NESMeS) volta ad analizzare i suddetti traffici illeciti nell'area del Mediterraneo, con particolare riguardo ai seguenti paesi: Germania, Grecia, Italia, Portogallo e Spagna. Insieme al Rapporto tedesco e ai Report dei singoli ordinamenti giuridici interessati, la ricerca NESMeS ha prodotto un Report criminologico e un libro finale ("I traffici illeciti nel Mediterraneo. Persone, stupefacenti, t…
Trafficking and labour exploitation in domestic work and the agricultural sector in Italy
2016
In Italy, as in many European countries, agriculture and domestic work are sectors characterised by high levels of irregular work without contract and with no respect of minimum pay, humane living conditions or access to basic services. Generalised informality however sometimes leads to cases of sever exploitation and outright human trafficking. This report focuses on the conditions that can lead from irregular work to abuse and trafficking in agriculture and domestic work – we question the cultural and economic aspects that make such situations possible. We also review the relevant legislation punishing exploiters and protecting victims with a view of identifying existing gaps and make sug…
Interferenze e convergenze fra prostituzione e tratta nelle recenti proposte di incriminazione del cliente
2017
Il sesso a pagamento è un fenomeno fortemente eterogeneo: se la prostituzione volontaria è rivendicata come scelta dai c.d. sex worker, proprio lo sfruttamento sessuale costituisce una delle principali attività di lucro per i gruppi criminali che operano nel traffico di esseri umani. Di recente, in Europa, sembra riscuotere un certo successo la convinzione che l’incriminazione del cliente possa scoraggiare la « domanda » di persone da utilizzare nel mercato dello sfruttamento sessuale: oltre al modello svedese che punisce il cliente tout court, nella direttiva anti-trafficking si invitano gli Stati membri ad introdurre norme penali contro il cliente consapevole della condizione di soggiogam…
Flotillin-involved uptake of silica nanoparticles and responses of an alveolar-capillary barrier in vitro
2013
AbstractDrug and gene delivery via nanoparticles across biological barriers such as the alveolar-capillary barrier of the lung constitutes an interesting and increasingly relevant field in nanomedicine. Nevertheless, potential hazardous effects of nanoparticles (NPs) as well as their cellular and systemic fate should be thoroughly examined. Hence, this study was designed to evaluate the effects of amorphous silica NPs (Sicastar) and (poly)organosiloxane NPs (AmOrSil) on the viability and the inflammatory response as well as on the cellular uptake mechanisms and fate in cells of the alveolar barrier. For this purpose, the alveolar epithelial cell line (NCI H441) and microvascular endothelial…