Search results for "trigeminal"

Structural, ultrastructural, and morphometric study of the zebrafish ocular surface: a model for human corneal diseases?

2018

Purpose: A morphological and morphometric study of the adult zebrafish ocular surface was performed to provide a comprehensive description of its parts and to evaluate its similarity to the human. Materials and Methods: The eyes of adult zebrafish were processed for light, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, and for immunohistochemical stain of corneal nerves; a morphometric analysis was also performed on several morphological parameters. Results: The corneal epithelium was formed by five layers of cells. No Bowman’s layer could be demonstrated. The stroma consisted of lamellae of different thickness with few keratocytes. The Descemet’s membrane was absent as the flat and polygon…

Sensory disturbances of buccal and lingual nerve by muscle compression: a case report and review of the literature

2016

Introduction Several studies on cadavers dissection have shown that collateral branches of the trigeminal nerve cross muscle bundles on their way, being a possible etiological factor of some nerve disturbances. Case Report A 45-year-old man attended to the Temporomandibular Joint and Orofacial Pain Unit of the Master of Oral Surgery and Implantology in Hospital Odontològic of Barcelona University, referring tingling in the left hemifacial región and ipsilateral lingual side for one year, with discomfort when shaving or skin compression. Discussion Several branches of the trigeminal nerve follow a path through the masticatory muscles, being the lingual nerve and buccal nerve the most involve…

Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Parasomnias and Migraine: A Role of Orexinergic Projections

2018

Introduction: Sleep and migraine share a common pathophysiological substrate, although the underlying mechanisms are unknown. The serotonergic and orexinergic systems are both involved in the regulation of sleep/wake cycle, and numerous studies show that both are involved in the migraine etiopathogenesis. These two systems are anatomically and functionally interconnected. Our hypothesis is that in migraine a dysfunction of orexinergic projections on the median raphe (MR) nuclei, interfering with serotonergic regulation, may cause Non-Rapid Eye Movement parasomnias, such as somnambulism. Hypothesis/theory: Acting on the serotonergic neurons of the raphe nuclei, the dysfunction of orexinergic…

Labial dystonia after facial and trigeminal neuropathy controlled with a maxillary splint.

2007

A 27-year-old woman with bruxism suffered a spider bite (Loxosceles rufescens) on the left cheek that caused severe local cellulitis, facial palsy, and painful hyperesthesia over the two lower trigeminal nerve divisions. Facial but not trigeminal neuropathy improved, and she developed a labial dystonia that only corrected while pressing the right medial incisor. A specially designed maxillary splint that continuously pressed it suppressed both dystonia and related spontaneous firing of motor unit potentials in electromyography. Overstimulation of the contralateral trigeminal territory possibly compensated for the altered left trigeminal nerve input, balanced proprioceptive influences at the…

Nasal tactile sensitivity in allergic rhinitis

2011

These preliminary data show a decrease in nasal tactile sensitivity and point out interesting aspects of the nasal chronic inflammatory condition in allergic rhinitis.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of allergic rhinitis on nasal tactile sensitivity during the intercritical period.A total of 70 patients aged between 18 and 67 years (average 42 years), with a positive history of allergy caused by seasonal outdoor allergens, were included (group A). Patient outcome was assessed by the nasal monofilament test: a set of 20 Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments was used to detect nasal sensitivity for both nasal cavities. The sensitivity threshold was recorded as the minimum monofilame…

Topodiagnostic value of blink reflex R1 changes: a digital postprocessing MRI correlation study.

2001

The aim of the study was to investigate the relation of the blink reflex R1 arc to known anatomical brainstem structures. Acute vascular brainstem lesions as identified by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of patients with isolated R1 pathology were superimposed into a stereotactic anatomical atlas using a new method of digital postprocessing. Isolated acute brainstem lesions were documented by diffusion-weighted MRI in 12 of 24 patients with unilateral R1 pathology. The lesions were located in the ipsilateral mid- to lower pons. In three patients only, the lesion had partial contact with the principal sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve (PSN) on at least one level. In two patients, the …

Neurophysiological changes associated with implant placement

2016

Objectives The objective of the study was to evaluate the feasibility of a standardized Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST) protocol extra- and intraoral in patients to detect and quantify sensory disturbances of the inferior alveolar nerve due to the proximity of implantation procedures to the inferior alveolar nerve canal. Material and Methods Patients who had obtained an implant placement were examined by implementing a comprehensive QST protocol for extra- and intraoral use. The study included 33 patients after implant placement in the lower jaw and one patient suffering from an inferior alveolar nerve injury. Patients were tested bilaterally (chin and mucosal lower lip). Results Compari…

Radiofrequency treatment of cervicogenic headache

2010

Objectives: In the clinical management of facial pain, a possible cervical origin must be considered. A clinical exploration is therefore essential. The disorder originates in the intimate connections between the cranial portion of the spinal cord and the trigeminal system. Although solid evidence supporting the use of radiofrequency (RF) treatment is lacking, it remains one of the management options to be taken into account. The present study evalu - ates the efficacy of RF in application to cervicogenic headache. Study design: We present three cases of severe facial pain arising from different cervical structures. Results: In two cases the pain originated in cervical roots C2 and C3, whil…

Acyclovir treatment in 2 patients with benign trigeminal sensory neuropathy

2001

Characterization of blink reflex interneurons by activation of diffuse noxious inhibitory controls in man.

1998

The blink reflex consists of an early, pontine R1-component and a late, medullary R2-component. R1 and R2 can be evoked by innocuous stimuli, but only the R2 also by painful heat, suggesting that the R2 is mediated by wide dynamic range neurons (WDR) of the spinal trigeminal nucleus. Remote noxious stimuli suppress the activity in WDR neurons via activation of diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC), whereas low-threshold mechanoreceptive neurons (LTM) are unaffected. In order to characterize the trigeminal interneurons of R1 and R2 we investigated the modulation of the blink reflex by remote painful heat. The blink reflex was elicited in 11 healthy subjects by innocuous electrical pulse…