Search results for "type"

Phenotype and functional changes of Vγ9/Vδ2 T lymphocytes in Behçet's disease and the effect of infliximab on Vγ9/Vδ2 T cell expansion, activation an…

2010

Introduction: Infliximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody against tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) that has been introduced recently for Behcet's disease (BD) patients who were resistant to standard treatment. The aim of this study was to analyse the functional changes of Vγ9/Vδ2 T lymphocytes in both active and inactive disease and the effect of infliximab on Vγ9/Vδ2 T cell expansion, activation and cytotoxicity. Methods: We investigated 1) cell expansion, 2) expression of TNFRII receptor, 3) perforin and gamma interferon (IFN) content, 4) release of granzyme A (GrA) and 5) phenotype changes, in vitro and in vivo, in Vγ9/Vδ2 T lymphocytes by means of fluorescence-activated cell sorter …

[The distribution of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes in the drug-dependent population in Palermo].

1999

Body shape trajectories and risk of breast cancer: results from the SUN ('Seguimiento Universidad De Navarra') Project.

2021

AbstractObjective:The aim of this study was to assess body shape trajectories in childhood and midlife in relation to subsequent risk of breast cancer (BC) in a Mediterranean cohort.Design:The ‘Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra’ (SUN) Project is a dynamic prospective cohort study of university graduates initiated in 1999. With a group-based modelling approach, we assessed body shape trajectories from age 5 to 40 years. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) for BC after the age of 40 years according to the body shape trajectory.Setting:City of Pamplona, in the North of Spain.Participants:6498 women with a mean age of 40 years (sd9).Results:We identi…

Optimising management of patients with hepatitis C virus in the age of direct-acting antivirals: results of a Delphi consensus.

2018

OBJECTIVE: To optimize the management of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We developed two questionnaires to determine Italian healthcare professionals’ opinions on the overall management of HCV chronic liver disease and the use of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) in the treatment of HCV. A Delphi consensus method using the RAND/UCLA appropriateness method was used to determine opinions of an expert panel (EP) of specialists. RESULTS: Overall 443 physicians from 167 Italian centres completed the two questionnaires. The EP confirmed the importance of collaboration with general practitioners (GPs) and HCV testing in high-risk groups, but did not agree on tr…

An Autistic Endophenotype and Testosterone Are Involved in an Atypical Decline in Selective Attention and Visuospatial Processing in Middle-Aged Women

2015

Mothers of offspring with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) could present mild forms of their children’s cognitive characteristics, resulting from prenatal brain exposure and sensitivity to testosterone (T). Indeed, their cognition is frequently characterized by hyper-systemizing, outperforming in tests that assess cognitive domains such as selective attention, and fine motor and visuospatial skills. In the general population, all these start to decline around the mid-forties. This study aimed to characterize whether middle-aged women who are biological mothers of individuals with ASD had better performance in the aforementioned cognitive skills than mothers of normative children (in both gro…

Trafficking phenotype and production of granzyme B by double negative B cells (IgG(+)IgD(-)CD27(-)) in the elderly.

2013

The impairment of humoral immune response in elderly humans has been extensively demonstrated. We have reported the increase of memory B cells (IgG(+)IgD(-)CD27(-), double negative, DN) population in the elderly, in which there is also a typical inflammatory micro-environment. In order to evaluate whether this pro-inflammatory status could influence the trafficking phenotype of naïve/memory B cells, we have assessed the expression of CCR7, CCR6, CXCR3, CXCR4, CXCR5 and CD62L on naïve/memory B cell subpopulations in young and elderly subjects. Moreover, the combination of pro-inflammatory interleukin-21 (IL-21) and B cell receptor (BCR) stimulation enables B cells to produce and secrete gran…

TLR2 and age-related diseases: potential effects of Arg753Gln and Arg677Trp polymorphisms in acute myocardial infarction.

2008

ABSTRACT Inflammation is a key component of immune system. It is involved in both defense and pathophysiological events maintaining the dynamic homeostasis of host organism. Its function is controlled by innate immunity genes. Both their polymorphisms and environmental conditions give rise to different phenotypes in human population. Proinflammatory genotype may be beneficial in early life but not in old people. With advancing age, indeed, it increases the vulnerability and the intensity to inflammatory reactions responsible for the chronic inflammatory diseases, such as atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction (MI). Several studies have looked for detecting a genetic risk profile that mig…

Aging, longevity, inflammation, and cancer.

2005

Cancer rates increase sharply with age in both sexes, and the majority of cases of cancer occur in patients over the age of 65 years. However, the incidence and mortality for cancer level off around 85-90 years of age, followed by a plateau, or even a decline in the last decades of life. Therefore, it seems reasonable to conclude that centenarians are endowed with a peculiar resistance to cancer. Tumor progression is a complex process that depends on interactions between tumor and host cells. One aspect of the host response, the inflammatory response, is of particular interest because it includes the release of proinflammatory cytokines, some of which may promote tumor growth and hence infl…

SHIP2: A “NEW” Insulin Pathway Target for Aging Research

2014

Strong evidence suggests that systemic inflammation and central adiposity contribute to and perpetuate metabolic syndrome. All of these alterations predispose individuals to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular disease, as well as Alzheimer's disease (AD), all characterized by chronic inflammatory status. On the other hand, extensive abnormalities in insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and IGF-II signaling mechanisms in brains with AD have been demonstrated, suggesting that AD could be a third form of diabetes. The Src homology domain-containing inositol 5-phosphatase 2 (SHIP2) has an important role in the insulin pathway because its over-expression causes impairment…

β-Adrenoceptor stimulation up-regulates phosphodiesterase 4 activity and reduces prostaglandin E 2 -inhibitory effects in human neutrophils

2000

Human neutrophils were treated for 4 h with a combination of salbutamol (1 µM), a β2-adrenoceptor agonist, and rolipram (30 µM), a selective phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, to investigate whether this treatment produces up-regulation of phosphodiesterase activity with functional consequences. Anion-exchange chromatography coupled with the use of selective activators and inhibitors demonstrated that a phosphodiesterase activity with characteristics of the isoenzyme type 4 was increased in drug-treated cells. Kinetic analysis showed a ~1.5-fold increase in V max without alteration of K m values. The augmented phosphodiesterase activity in drug-treated cells was abolished by actinomycin D. Cycl…