Search results for "type"
showing 10 items of 10618 documents
Switch between tyrosinase and catecholoxidase activity of scorpion hemocyanin by allosteric effectors
2008
AbstractPhenoloxidases and hemocyanins have similar type 3 copper centers although they perform different functions. Hemocyanins are oxygen carriers, while phenoloxidases (tyrosinase/catecholoxidase) catalyze the initial step in melanin synthesis. Tyrosinases catalyze two subsequent reactions, whereas catecholoxidases catalyze only the second one. Recent results indicate that hemocyanins can also function as phenoloxidases and here we show for the first time that hemocyanin can be converted to phenoloxidase. Furthermore, its substrate specificity can be switched between catecholoxidase and tyrosinase activity depending on effectors such as hydroxymethyl-aminomethan (Tris) and Mg2+-ions. Thi…
Solving a large multicontainer loading problem in the car manufacturing industry
2017
Abstract Renault, a large car manufacturer with factories all over the world, has a production system in which not every factory produces all the parts required to assemble a vehicle. Every day, large quantities of car parts are sent from one factory to another, defining very large truck/container transportation problems. The main challenge faced by the Renault logistics platforms is to load the items into trucks and containers as efficiently as possible so as to minimize the number of vehicles sent. Therefore, the problem to be solved is a multicontainer loading problem in which, besides the usual geometric constraints preventing items from overlapping and exceeding the dimensions of the c…
Mathematical models for Multi Container Loading Problems with practical constraints
2019
Abstract We address the multi container loading problem of a company that serves its customers’ orders by building pallets with the required products and loading them into trucks. The problem is solved by using integer linear models. To be useful in practice, our models consider three types of constraints: geometric constraints, so that pallets lie completely inside the trucks and do not overlap; weight constraints, defining the maximum weights supported by a truck and by each axle, as well as the position of the centre of gravity of the cargo; and dynamic stability constraints. These last constraints forbid empty spaces between pallets to avoid cargo displacement when the truck is moving, …
The Multi-period Multi-trip Container Drayage Problem with Release and Due Dates
2021
Abstract The Container Drayage Problem (CDP) aims at routing a fleet of trucks, based at a common terminal, to serve customers while minimizing the total travel distance. Each trip starts from and ends at the terminal, and handles a subset of customers. Each customer requires either that a container is picked up or delivered. We introduce a more realistic variant, i.e., the Multi-trip Multi-period CDP with Release and Due Dates (MM-CDP-RDD), in which the planning horizon is composed of several periods (days). On each day, each truck may perform more than one trip respecting the Release and Due Dates (RDD) associated with customer services, corresponding to the first and the last day on whic…
Th0 to Th1 switch of CD4 T cell clones specific from the 16-kDa antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis after successful therapy: lack of involvement o…
2005
Abstract In this study, we have examined the influence of HLA-DR molecules and the structure of the epitope repertoire of the 16-kDa protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on the acquisition of the cytokine secretion pattern of CD4 T cell clones, obtained from tuberculous patients before and after anti-mycobacterial therapy. Our data indicate that TB patients have a predominant Th0 response against the 16-kDa protein and its epitopes and that healing, induced by anti-mycobacterial therapy, is associated with a shift toward a predominant Th1 phenotype. Moreover, both HLA-DR molecules restricting the clone specificity and the nature of the recognized epitope do not play any role in the generat…
Capturing colorectal cancer inter-tumor heterogeneity in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models
2019
Patient‐derived xenograft (PDX) models have become an important asset in translational cancer research. However, to provide a robust preclinical platform, PDXs need to accommodate the tumor heterogeneity that is observed in patients. Colorectal cancer (CRC) can be stratified into four consensus molecular subtypes (CMS) with distinct biological and clinical features. Surprisingly, using a set of CRC patients, we revealed the partial representation of tumor heterogeneity in PDX models. The epithelial subtypes, the largest subgroups of CRC subtype, were very ineffective in establishing PDXs, indicating the need for further optimization to develop an effective personalized therapeutic approach …
Modeling multiple taxis: Tumor invasion with phenotypic heterogeneity, haptotaxis, and unilateral interspecies repellence
2021
We provide a short review of existing models with multiple taxis performed by (at least) one species and consider a new mathematical model for tumor invasion featuring two mutually exclusive cell phenotypes (migrating and proliferating). The migrating cells perform nonlinear diffusion and two types of taxis in response to non-diffusing cues: away from proliferating cells and up the gradient of surrounding tissue. Transitions between the two cell subpopulations are influenced by subcellular (receptor binding) dynamics, thus conferring the setting a multiscale character. We prove global existence of weak solutions to a simplified model version and perform numerical simulations for the full se…
Tumor infiltration by chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7)+ T-lymphocytes is a favorable prognostic factor in metastatic colorectal cancer
2012
The immune interactions occurring within the tumor microenvironment have a critical role in determining the outcome of colorectal cancer patients. We carried-out an immunohistochemical analysis of tumor infiltrating T-lymphocytes expressing chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) in a series of colorectal cancer patients enrolled in a prospective clinical trial. We demonstrated that a high tumor infiltration score of this lymphocyte subset is predictive of longer progression free survival and overall survival. © 2012 Landes Bioscience.
The tumor suppressor CYLD controls the function of murine regulatory T cells.
2012
Abstract CYLD was originally identified as a tumor suppressor gene mutated in familial cylindromatosis, an autosomal dominant predisposition to multiple benign neoplasms of the skin known as cylindromas. The CYLD protein is a deubiquitinating enzyme that acts as a negative regulator of NF-κB and JNK signaling through its interaction with NEMO and TNFR-associated factor 2. We have previously described a novel mouse strain that expresses solely and excessively a naturally occurring splice variant of CYLD (CYLDex7/8). In this study, we demonstrate that CYLD plays a critical role in Treg development and function. T cells of CYLDex7/8 mice had a hyperactive phenotype manifested by increased prod…
Naturally occurring short splice variant of CYLD positively regulates dendritic cell function
2009
Abstract Deubiquitination of NF-κB members by CYLD is crucial in controlling the magnitude and nature of cell activation. The role of the naturally occurring CYLD splice variant in dendritic cell (DC) function was analyzed using CYLDex7/8 mice, which lack the full-length CYLD (flCYLD) transcript and overexpress the short splice variant (sCYLD). Bone marrow–derived DCs from CYLDex7/8 mice display a hyperactive phenotype in vitro and in vivo and have a defect in establishing tolerance with the use of DEC-205–mediated antigen targeting to resting DCs. The combination of sCYLD overexpression and lack of flCYLD in CYLDex7/8 DCs leads to enhanced NF-κB activity accompanied by an increased nuclear…