Search results for "umidi"

2020

Cuticle barrier efficiency in insects depends largely on cuticular lipids. To learn about the evolution of cuticle barrier function, we compared the basic properties of the cuticle inward and outward barrier function in adults of the fruit flies Drosophila suzukii and Drosophila melanogaster that live on fruits sharing a similar habitat. At low air humidity, D. suzukii flies desiccate faster than D. melanogaster flies. We observed a general trend indicating that in this respect males are less robust than females in both species. Xenobiotics penetration occurs at lower temperatures in D. suzukii than in D. melanogaster. Likewise, D. suzukii flies are more susceptible to contact insecticides …

2020

Abstract. Cirrus clouds and their potential formation regions, so-called ice supersaturated regions (ISSRs), with values of relative humidity with respect to ice exceeding 100 %, occur frequently in the tropopause region. It is assumed that ISSRs and cirrus clouds can change the tropopause structure by diabatic processes, driven by latent heating due to phase transition and interaction with radiation. For many research questions, a three-dimensional picture including a sufficient temporal resolution of the water vapour fields in the tropopause region is required. This requirement is fulfilled nowadays by reanalysis products such as the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECM…

The impact of weather on COVID-19 pandemic.

2021

AbstractRising temperature levels during spring and summer are often argued to enable lifting of strict containment measures even in the absence of herd immunity. Despite broad scholarly interest in the relationship between weather and coronavirus spread, previous studies come to very mixed results. To contribute to this puzzle, the paper examines the impact of weather on the COVID-19 pandemic using a unique granular dataset of over 1.2 million daily observations covering over 3700 counties in nine countries for all seasons of 2020. Our results show that temperature and wind speed have a robust negative effect on virus spread after controlling for a range of potential confounding factors. T…

Environmental risk factors of airborne viral transmission: Humidity, Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 in the Netherlands

2020

AbstractObjectiveThe relationship between specific humidity and influenza/SARS-CoV-2 in the Netherlands is evaluated over time and at regional level.DesignParametric and non-parametric correlation coefficients are calculated to quantify the relationship between humidity and influenza, using five years of weekly data. Bayesian spatio-temporal models—with a Poisson and a Gaussian likelihood—are estimated to find the relationship between regional humidity and the daily cases of SARS-CoV-2 in the municipalities and provinces of the Netherlands.ResultsAn inverse (negative) relationship is observed between specific humidity and the incidence of influenza between 2015 and 2019. The space-time anal…

El catálogo de zonas húmedas de la Comunidad Valenciana. Aspectos metodológicos

2007

A finales de 1999 la Generalitat Valenciana inició la elaboración de un catálogo de humedales, con el fin de identificar aquellas zonas litorales e interiores que merecían protección legal según lo estipulado por la ley autonómica 11/94 de espacios naturales. Ante la falta de un modelo metodológico que se ajustara a este caso, se optó por diseñar una estrategia específica de evaluación de los humedales valencianos. Se trataba de aplicar un procedimiento de trabajo de base científica que proporcionara criterios y valores objetivos, adaptado a las especificidades naturales y culturales de los humedales valencianos y al contexto legal generado por la citada ley. En el presente artículo se sint…

An alternative conception of PM10 concentration changes after short-term precipitation in urban environment

2018

Abstract In the article, a linear model is presented which describes a reduction of PM10 mass concentration in relation to the type of precipitation and water vapour content in the air. The model was built using covariance analysis. In studies of PM10 concentration changes, the results of 247 observations were used, which were carried out in the urban area. Concentration changes were archived during short-term (30 min) convection and large-scale rainfalls. For the determination of PM10 mass concentration, the reference method was used. To describe changes in PM10 concentration in the air after precipitation, a series of linear models were created, in which the explanatory variables were: th…

Study of water adsorption and capillary bridge formation for SiO(2) nanoparticle layers by means of a combined in situ FT-IR reflection spectroscopy …

2014

Water adsorption and capillary bridge formation within a layer of SiO2-nanoparticles were studied in situ by means of a combination of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM-D) with dissipation analysis and Fourier transformation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (FT-IRRAS). FT-IR data were employed to distinguish the “ice-like” and “liquid-like” contributions and to support the analysis of the QCM-D data concerning mass change and dissipation. Combined measurements show that for SiO2-nanoparticles with a diameter of about 250 nm, the formation of two adsorbed monolayers of water as well as bulk water leads to a rather linear increase in the dissipation for relative humidity values of u…

Mechanical–biological waste treatment and the associated occupational hygiene in Finland

2004

A special feature of waste management in Finland has been the emphasis on the source separation of kitchen biowaste (catering waste); more than two-thirds of the Finnish population participates in this separation. Source-separated biowaste is usually treated by composting. The biowaste of about 5% of the population is handled by mechanical-biological treatment. A waste treatment plant at Mustasaari is the only plant in Finland using digestion for kitchen biowaste. For the protection of their employees, the plant owners commissioned a study on environmental factors and occupational hygiene in the plant area. During 1998-2000 the concentrations of dust, microbes and endotoxins and noise level…

Variation in human water turnover associated with environmental and lifestyle factors

2022

Water is essential for survival, but one in three individuals worldwide (2.2 billion people) lacks access to safe drinking water. Water intake requirements largely reflect water turnover (WT), the water used by the body each day. We investigated the determinants of human WT in 5604 people from the ages of 8 days to 96 years from 23 countries using isotope-tracking ( 2 H) methods. Age, body size, and composition were significantly associated with WT, as were physical activity, athletic status, pregnancy, socioeconomic status, and environmental characteristics (latitude, altitude, air temperature, and humidity). People who lived in countries with a low human development index (HDI) had highe…

Humidity of Anaesthetic Gases with Respect to Low Flow Anaesthesia

1994

It has been demonstrated in an experimental study in swine using the scanning electron microscope that a rebreathing technique utilising minimal fresh gas flowrates significantly improves climatization of anaesthetic gases. Consequently, effects of various anaesthetic techniques on airway climate must be assessed, which covers the need for suitable measuring devices. Basic principles and methods of humidity measurement in flowing anaesthetic gases include gravimetric hygrometry, dew point hygrometry, wet-dry bulb psychrometry, mass spectrometry, spectroscopic hygrometry and electrical hygrometry. A custom-made apparatus for continuous measurement of humidity and temperature in the inspired…