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Indicaxanthin inhibits NADPH oxidase (NOX)-1 activation and NF-κB-dependent release of inflammatory mediators and prevents the increase of epithelial…
2014
Dietary redox-active/antioxidant phytochemicals may help control or mitigate the inflammatory response in chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In the present study, the anti-inflammatory activity of indicaxanthin (Ind), a pigment from the edible fruit of cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica, L.), was shown in an IBD model consisting of a human intestinal epithelial cell line (Caco-2 cells) stimulated by IL-1β, a cytokine known to play a major role in the initiation and amplification of inflammatory activity in IBD. The exposure of Caco-2 cells to IL-1β brought about the activation of NADPH oxidase (NOX-1) and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to activate intracellular signal…
Awareness and understanding of cancer immunotherapy in Europe.
2014
3053 Background: Use of immunotherapies in the treatment of cancer is growing and a range of new immunotherapeutic strategies are being evaluated. It is important that healthcare providers (HCP) understand these treatments and how they compare with and may complement established therapies. As part of the activities of the POINT expert group, we commissioned a survey of current awareness, attitudes and perceptions of cancer immunotherapy in Europe. Methods: From August-September 2011, 426 healthcare professionals (HCPs: oncologists, surgeons and oncology nurses) from France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the UK (~85 respondents/country) completed online interviews. Representatives of patient ad…
miR-1207-5p Can Contribute to Dysregulation of Inflammatory Response in COVID-19 via Targeting SARS-CoV-2 RNA
2020
The present study focuses on the role of human miRNAs in SARS-CoV-2 infection. An extensive analysis of human miRNA binding sites on the viral genome led to the identification of miR-1207-5p as potential regulator of the viral Spike protein. It is known that exogenous RNA can compete for miRNA targets of endogenous mRNAs leading to their overexpression. Our results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 virus can act as an exogenous competing RNA, facilitating the over-expression of its endogenous targets. Transcriptomic analysis of human alveolar and bronchial epithelial cells confirmed that the CSF1 gene, a known target of miR-1207-5p, is over-expressed following SARS-CoV-2 infection. CSF1 enhances macr…
Distribution of basal-expressed c-fos-like immunoreactive cells of the periaqueductal grey matter of the rat.
1996
The distribution of c-fos proto-oncogene expression has been studied in the periaqueductal grey matter (PAG) of non-intentional-stimulated rats by immunohistochemistry. A mean number of 53 +/- 9 Fos-like immunoreactive cells per hemiPAG, distributed into three groups, dorsolateral, lateral and ventrolateral, was found. The dorsolateral and the lateral groups appeared along the entire rostrocaudal PAG, whereas the ventrolateral group appeared only in the caudal half. These results reveal new data on the number and extent of the longitudinal columns within the hypothetical organization of the PAG. They also indicate a continuous activation of a significant population of neurones in the PAG, i…
Role of caspase-8 in hepatocyte response to infection and injury in mice.
2007
Caspase-8 has been implicated in signaling for apoptotic cell death and for certain nonapoptotic functions. However, knowledge of actual physiological or pathophysiological processes to which this enzyme contributes is lacking. Using a mouse model and employing the conditional knockout approach to delete the caspase-8 gene specifically in the liver, we found that caspase-8 deficiency in hepatocytes facilitates infection of the liver by Listeria monocytogenes, attenuates the hepatocyte proliferation wave during the first 48 hours after partial hepatectomy and, depending on the genetic background of the mice, prompts a chronic inflammatory response to the hepatectomy, as a result of which the…
New methods of delivery of amphotericin B.
1993
Fungal infections continue to be a major problem in the management of immunocompromised patients. Despite its formidable toxicity and treatment failures, amphotericin B is still the drug of choice for most of these infections. One strategy for reducing the toxicity of amphotericin B and thus permitting administration of higher doses is that of using less toxic formulations. Entrapping amphotericin B into liposomes or binding it to other substances reduces its toxicity to host cells, whereas the selective binding of amphotericin B to ergosterol preserves its toxicity to fungal cells. Adding fungus-specific antibodies to such liposomes may further increase the efficiency of drug targeting. Th…
Early Plasmodium-induced inflammation does not accelerate aging in mice
2019
10 pages; International audience; Aging is associated with a decline of performance leading to reduced reproductive output and survival. While the antagonistic pleiotropy theory of aging has attracted considerable attention, the molecular/physiological functions underlying the early-life benefits/late-life costs paradigm remain elusive. We tested the hypothesis that while early activation of the inflammatory response confers benefits in terms of protection against infection, it also incurs costs in terms of reduced reproductive output at old age and shortened longevity. We infected mice with the malaria parasite Plasmodium yoelii and increased the inflammatory response using an anti-IL-10 r…
Sputum metalloproteinase-9/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 ratio correlates with airflow obstruction in asthma and chronic bronchitis
1998
Asthma and chronic bronchitis are inflammatory diseases with extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and collagen deposition. Collagen homeostasis is controlled by metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). We evaluated MMP and TIMP balance in induced sputum of 10 control, 31 untreated asthmatic, and 16 chronic bronchitic subjects. We first performed zymographic analysis to identify the profile of MMPs. Zymography revealed a similar MMPs profile in all populations studied and that MMP-9 was the major enzyme released. We then measured, using enzyme immunoassay, the concentrations of MMP-9 and of its inhibitor TIMP-1 and evaluated whether airflow limitation m…
Response to 'Thyrocytes — not innocent bystanders in autoimmune disease'
2001
Giordano et al. propose that thyrocytes play a crucial role in the regulation of the autoimmune response during GD. According to them, Fas is weakly expressed in GD thyrocytes, whereas FasL is responsible for a specific deletion of infiltrating TH1 cells and maintains a TH2 phenotype in the lymphocytic infiltrate.
Eosinophilic Meningitis due toAngiostrongylus cantonensisin Germany
2009
We report a case of eosinophilic meningitis due to Angiostrongylus cantonensis in a patient who returned from Thailand. The presence of a compatible epidemiologic history and eosinophilia in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lead to the diagnosis, which was confirmed by detection of specific antibodies. After treatment with albendazole and corticosteroids he recovered completely.