Search results for "vaccination"
showing 10 items of 660 documents
COVID-19 Vaccination in Pregnancy, Paediatrics, Immunocompromised Patients, and Persons with History of Allergy or Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Overvi…
2021
To date, four vaccines have been authorised for emergency use and under conditional approval by the European Medicines Agency to prevent COVID-19: Comirnaty, COVID-19 Vaccine Janssen, Spikevax (previously COVID-19 Vaccine Moderna) and Vaxzevria (previously COVID-19 Vaccine AstraZeneca). Although the benefit–risk profile of these vaccines was proven to be largely favourable in the general population, evidence in special cohorts initially excluded from the pivotal trials, such as pregnant and breastfeeding women, children/adolescents, immunocompromised people and persons with a history of allergy or previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, is still limited. In this narrative review, we critically overv…
A Hybrid Expressing Genetically Engineered Major Allergens of the <i>Parietaria</i> Pollen as a Tool for Specific Allergy Vaccination
2006
<i>Background:</i> Allergy is an immunological disorder affecting about 25% of the population living in the industrialized countries. Specific immunotherapy is the only treatment with a long-lasting relief of allergic symptoms and able to reduce the risk of developing new allergic sensitizations and inhibiting the development of clinical asthma in children treated for allergic rhinitis. <i>Methods:</i> By means of DNA recombinant technology, we were able to design a head to tail dimer expressing disulphide bond variants of the major allergen of the <i>Parietaria </i>pollen. IgE binding activity was studied by Western blot, ELISA inhibition assays and the …
Antibody Induction Directed against the Tumor-Associated MUC4 Glycoprotein
2015
Mucin glycoproteins are important diagnostic and therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. Although several strategies have been developed to explore anti-tumor vaccines based on MUC1 glycopeptides, only few studies have focused on vaccines directed against the tumor-associated MUC4 glycoprotein. MUC4 is an important tumor marker overexpressed in lung cancer and uniquely expressed in pancreatic ductual adenocarcinoma. The aberrant glycosylation of MUC4 in tumor cells results in an exposure of its peptide backbone and the formation of tumor-associated glycopeptide antigens. Due to the low immunogenicity of these endogenous structures, their conjugation with immune stimulating peptide or prot…
Maturation of IgG avidity to individual rubella virus structural proteins.
2001
Background: the structural proteins of rubella virus, the capsid protein C and the envelope glycoproteins E1 and E2 were produced in lepidopteran insect cells using baculovirus expression vectors. The C-terminal ends of the corresponding proteins were fused to a polyhistidine tag for easy and gentle purification by metal ion affinity chromatography. Objectives: to investigate the maturation of natural and vaccinal IgG avidity against individual authentic and recombinant rubella virus (RV) structural proteins. Study design the analysis was carried out using a modified immunoblotting technique where the purified baculovirus-expressed proteins were compared with authentic rubella virus protein…
Immuntherapie des Kolorektalkarzinoms - aktueller Stand und Perspektiven
2006
The specific immunotherapy of colorectal cancer initially revealed promising results. However, a significant clinical benefit for patients has still to be proven in phase III trails. In order to compare the different clinical approaches and early phase I - II studies, there is an urgent need for the establishment and acceptance of new standardized diagnostic tools for detecting and quantifying induced and clinical relevant immune responses in patients. Whether or not subgroups with a certain genetic background, such as specific HLA alleles, reveal a better benefit from tumour vaccinations needs to be further analysed. Currently, only two specific antibodies, targeting membraneous receptors …
Targeting p53, hdm2, and CD19: vaccination and immunologic strategies.
2000
Peptides presented by class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules and derived from normal self-proteins that are expressed at elevated levels by cells from a variety of human (Hu) malignancies provide, in theory, potential target antigens for a broad-spectrum, cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-based immunotherapy of cancer and hematologic malignancies. However, as such tumor- and leukemia-associated self-proteins are also expressed at low levels in some types of normal tissues, such as thymus, spleen and lymphohemopoietic cells, these self-MHC-self-peptide complexes may also represent thymic and/or peripheral tolerogens, thereby preventing immune responses. This is particularly true…
Modeling Chickenpox Dynamics with a Discrete Time Bayesian Stochastic Compartmental Model
2018
[EN] We present a Bayesian stochastic susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered model in discrete time to understand chickenpox transmission in the Valencian Community, Spain. During the last decades, different strategies have been introduced in the routine immunization program in order to reduce the impact of this disease, which remains a public health's great concern. Under this scenario, a model capable of explaining closely the dynamics of chickenpox under the different vaccination strategies is of utter importance to assess their effectiveness. The proposed model takes into account both heterogeneous mixing of individuals in the population and the inherent stochasticity in the transmiss…
Psychometric properties and measurement invariance of the Vaccination Attitudes Examination Scale (VAX) in a Spanish sample.
2022
AbstractIn these times of pandemic, the acceptance or rejection of vaccines has become increasingly clear, with a considerable rise in the anti-vaccine movement in Spain. It is important to understand the attitudes that lead a person to refuse vaccination in order to develop more effective public health campaigns. The objective of this study has been to study the psychometric properties and measurement invariance of the Vaccination Attitudes Examination (VAX) scale in a Spanish sample. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling have been used to study the psychometric properties of the VAX. Likewise, the measurement invariance by gender and educational level has been stu…
Attitudes, behaviours and perceptions of Italian General Practitioner trainees towards influenza vaccination in Western Sicily (Italy)
2012
Background: General practitioners (GPs) have to be considered as key figures of health promotion among health care workers since they are strongly asked to recommend influenza vaccination to their patients and perform on them. Despite this consideration, GPs have influenza vaccination rates that are significantly below the 75% coverage proposed by International Public Health guidelines. In order to increase future coverage of influenza vaccination within GPs, and through them within the population, the aim of this study was to assess determinants associated with influenza vaccine uptake among GP trainees. Methods: A survey was carried out on GP trainees attending the training course in Comm…
Mechanisms of resistance to autoimmune disease induced by T-cell vaccination.
1991
Many human autoimmune diseases tend to progress slowly. Phases of rapid progression may come to a halt and may be followed by transient or even permanent remissions. Autoimmune diseases in animals either arise spontaneously or are induced. The former tend to be slowly progressive, the latter mostly acute to subacute, and usually followed by spontaneous remissions. The mechanisms at work that prevent rapid disease progression and can effect remissions are poorly understood, but they may provide us with a clue both to natural self-tolerance and to the therapeutic induction of self-tolerance.