Search results for "vaccination"
showing 10 items of 660 documents
Imūnā atbildes reakcija uz vakcināciju pret vīrushepatītu B hemodialīzes pacientiem
2018
Pamatojums: Hemodialīzes (HD) pacientiem ir paaugstināts ar asinīm pārnesamām infekciju risks, piemēram, vīrushepatīta B infekcija (HBV). Pacientiem ar terminālu nieru mazspēju bieži ir imūnsistēmas nomākums, kas rezultējās ar nepietiekamu imūnās atbildes reakciju pret HBV vakcināciju. Adekvāta imunoloģiska atbilde it tad, ja anti-HBs-antivielu titrs >10 mSV/ml. Lai gan atbildes reakcija vispārējā populācijā ir aptuveni 95%, HD pacientiem tā ir robežās no 50-80%. Mērķis: noteikt HBV infekcijas izplatību, identificēt imūno atbildes reakciju HD pacientiem uz HBV vakcināciju un izvērtēt tās ietekmējošus klīniskus un laboratoriskus faktorus. Materiāli un metodes: Tika analizēta HBV izplatība HD…
A systematic review of the literature on the human genetic variations in response to vaccination
2012
BACKGROUND: Vaccinomics is a term that refers to the investigation of heterogeneity of host genetic markers at the individual or population level that may result in variations of humoral, cell-mediated, and/or innate immune responses to vaccines. Studying genetic heterogeneity of human response to vaccines is supposed to both afford a better understanding of the way vaccine works, and help in developing future vaccines that are protective. With this premise in mind, we performed a systematic review of the literature on the studies concerning the association between human genetic variations in response to vaccination. METHODS: A detailed literature search on the case-control and cohort studi…
Public health strategies adopted to manage the increase of accesses to vaccination services, as a result of the application of the law 119/2017.
2020
Background and aim of the work: In response to the alarming reduction of vaccination coverage rates, Italian Ministry of Health approved the law number 119/2017, which has extended the number of mandatory vaccinations, for school attendance, from four to ten. The present study aims to evaluate accesses to the vaccination services of the Palermo Local Health Unit (LHU) and the variation of the vaccination coverage rates for hexavalent and measles, mumps, rubella and varicella (MMRV) vaccines, after the implementation of the law 119/2017. Methods: An extent of opening hours and an involvement of other health-care professionals in the vaccination services of the Palermo LHU have been adopted t…
How Can We Improve Vaccination Response in Old People? Part I: Targeting Immunosenescence of Innate Immunity Cells
2022
Vaccination, being able to prevent millions of cases of infectious diseases around the world every year, is the most effective medical intervention ever introduced. However, immunosenescence makes vaccines less effective in providing protection to older people. Although most studies explain that this is mainly due to the immunosenescence of T and B cells, the immunosenescence of innate immunity can also be a significant contributing factor. Alterations in function, number, subset, and distribution of blood neutrophils, monocytes, and natural killer and dendritic cells are detected in aging, thus potentially reducing the efficacy of vaccines in older individuals. In this paper, we focus on t…
Influenza vaccination among healthcare workers and absenteeism from work due to influenza-like illness in a teaching hospital in Palermo
2012
<p><strong>Background</strong>: Annual flu vaccination of healthcare workers (HCWs) is recommended worldwide as the best way to prevent influenza and to avoid its transmission. However, in several European Countries, vaccination rate among HCWs is still less than 25%. The aim of this study was to determine the HCW vaccination coverage during a three year period in a large University Hospital, identifying socio demographic and occupational variables involved in the decision to accept influenza vaccination. Moreover, for the 2007-2008 season, we also assessed the effectiveness of influenza vaccination in reducing influenza-related absenteeism.</p><p><strong>…
Non-specific Effects of Vaccines Illustrated Through the BCG Example: From Observations to Demonstrations
2018
Epidemiological studies regarding many successful vaccines suggest that vaccination may lead to a reduction in child mortality and morbidity worldwide, on a grander scale than is attributable to protection against the specific target diseases of these vaccines. These non-specific effects (NSEs) of the Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, for instance, implicate adaptive and innate immune mechanisms, with recent evidence suggesting that trained immunity might be a key instrument at play. Collectively referring to the memory-like characteristics of innate immune cells, trained immunity stems from epigenetic reprogramming that these innate immune cells undergo following exposure to a primary…
Role of persistent CMV infection in configuring T cell immunity in the elderly
2007
Abstract Ageing is associated with declines in many physiological parameters, including multiple immune system functions. The rate of acceleration of the frequency of death due to cardiovascular disease or cancer seems to increase with age from middle age up to around 80 years, plateauing thereafter. Mortality due to infectious disease, however, does not plateau, but continues to accelerate indefinitely. The elderly commonly possess oligoclonal expansions of T cells, especially of CD8 cells, which, surprisingly, are often associated with cytomegalovirus (CMV) seropositivity. This in turn is associated with many of the same phenotypic and functional alterations to T cell immunity that have b…
Current Progress in Particle-Based Systems for Transdermal Vaccine Delivery
2020
Transcutaneous immunization (TCI) via needle-free and non-invasive drug delivery systems is a promising approach for overcoming the current limitations of conventional parenteral vaccination methods. The targeted access to professional antigen-presenting cell (APC) populations within the skin, such as Langerhans cells (LCs), various dermal dendritic cells (dDCs), macrophages, and others makes the skin an ideal vaccination site to specifically shape immune responses as required. The stratum corneum (SC) of the skin is the main penetration barrier that needs to be overcome by the vaccine components in a coordinated way to achieve optimal access to dermal APC populations that induce priming of…
Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells for Regulatory T Cell Induction in Man.
2015
Dendritic cells are (DC) highly specialized professional antigen-presenting cells (APC) that regulate immune responses, maintaining the balance between tolerance and immunity. Mechanisms via which they can promote central and peripheral tolerance include clonal deletion, inhibition of memory T cell responses, T cell anergy and induction of regulatory T cells. These properties have led to the analysis of human tolerogenic DC as a therapeutic strategy for induction or re-establishment of tolerance. In the recent years, numerous protocols for the generation of human tolerogenic DC have been developed and their tolerogenic mechanisms, including induction of regulatory T cells, are relatively we…
Dataset related to article "Risk factors for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP): antecedent events, lifestyle and dieta…
2020
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The role of lifestyle and dietary habits and antecedent events has not been clearly identified in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP). METHODS: Information was collected about modifiable environmental factors and antecedent infections and vaccinations in patients with CIDP included in an Italian CIDP Database. Only patients who reported not having changed their diet or the lifestyle habits investigated in the study after the appearance of CIDP were included. The partners of patients with CIDP were chosen as controls. Gender-matched analysis was performed with randomly selected controls with a 1:1 ratio of patients and controls. RESULTS: D…