Search results for "valence"

showing 10 items of 2732 documents

Serological pattern of Hepatitis B, C, and HIV infections among immigrants in Sicily: epidemiological aspects and implication on public health.

2011

The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections in a cohort of immigrants living in Palermo, Sicily. The study was carried out in the period May 2006-June 2010 and recruited a total of 393 patients (59.8% males-median age of 32.6 years). All patients were tested for serological markers of HBV, HCV, and HIV infection. One-hundred thirty-eight (35.1%) individuals did not show any HBV/HCV/HIV serological marker, while 186 (47.3%) were indicative of past or current HBV infection. A total of 42 (10.7%) subjects were HBsAg positive, 59 (15.0%) showed the serological profile "anti-HBc …

AdultMaleHBsAgmedicine.medical_specialtyHealth (social science)HIV AntigensHepatitis C virusEmigrants and ImmigrantsHIV InfectionsSettore MED/42 - Igiene Generale E Applicatamedicine.disease_causeEpidemiologymedicinePrevalenceHumansHuman immunodeficiencySicilyRetrospective StudiesHepatitis B virusHepatitis B Surface Antigensbusiness.industryPublic healthPublic Health Environmental and Occupational Healthvirus diseasesHepatitis CHepatitis BMiddle Agedmedicine.diseaseHepatitis BVirologyHepatitis B Core AntigensHepatitis Cdigestive system diseasesCross-Sectional StudiesCohortFemalePublic HealthHepatitis C AntigensbusinessBiomarkersImmigrantJournal of community health
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Prevalence of human papilloma virus infection in patients with male accessory gland infection

2015

The frequency of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the semen of patients with male accessory gland infection (MAGI) was evaluated. One hundred infertile patients with MAGI were classified into group A: patients with an inflammatory MAGI (n = 48) and group B: patients with a microbial form (n = 52). Healthy age-matched fertile men (34.0 ± 4.0 years) made up the control group (n = 20). Amplification of HPV DNA was carried out by HPV-HS Bio nested polymerase chain reaction for the detection of HPV DNA sequences within the L1 ORF. Ten patients in group A (20.8%) and 15 patients in group B (28.8%) had a HPV infection; two controls (10.0%) had HPV infection. Patients with MAGI had a signifi…

AdultMaleHPVSemenComorbidityMAGIBiologyGroup AGroup BSemenmedicinePrevalenceHumansPapillomaviridaeInfertility MaleInflammationPapillomavirus InfectionsHPV infectionvirus diseasesObstetrics and GynecologyHPV MAGI Prevalencemedicine.diseaseSettore MED/40 - Ginecologia E OstetriciaSpermfemale genital diseases and pregnancy complicationsProstatitisSemen AnalysisHPV; MAGI; PrevalenceReproductive MedicineMale accessory gland infectionImmunologySperm MotilityGenital Diseases Malemedicine.symptomNested polymerase chain reactionMagiDevelopmental Biology
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Prevalence of and potential influencing factors for alcohol dependence in Europe.

2014

Alcohol use disorders (AUDs), and alcohol dependence (AD) in particular, are prevalent and associated with a large burden of disability and mortality. The aim of this study was to estimate prevalence of AD in the European Union (EU), Iceland, Norway, and Switzerland for the year 2010, and to investigate potential influencing factors. The 1-year prevalence of AD in the EU was estimated at 3.4% among people 18-64 years of age in Europe (women 1.7%, men 5.2%), resulting in close to 11 million affected people. Taking into account all people of all ages, AD, abuse and harmful use resulted in an estimate of 23 million affected people. Prevalence of AD varied widely between European countries, and…

AdultMaleHealth (social science)AdolescentGross Domestic ProductMedicine (miscellaneous)Poison controlSuicide preventionOccupational safety and healthYoung AdultSex FactorsLiver Cirrhosis AlcoholicEnvironmental healthNeoplasmsInjury preventionPrevalenceSocial NormsMedicinemedia_common.cataloged_instanceHumansEuropean unionmedia_commonbusiness.industryAlcohol dependenceHuman factors and ergonomicsMiddle Agedmedicine.diseaseSubstance abuseEuropePsychiatry and Mental healthAlcoholismWounds and InjuriesFemaleMedical emergencybusinessEuropean addiction research
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Frequency and correlates of anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic in low- and middle-income countries: A multinational study

2021

Objective Studies have documented the significant direct and indirect psychological, social, and economic consequences of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in many countries but little is known on its impact in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) already facing difficult living conditions and having vulnerable health systems that create anxiety in individuals for themselves and their loved ones. Using a multinational convenience sample from four LMICs (DR Congo, Haiti, Rwanda, and Togo), this study aims to explore the prevalence of anxiety symptoms and associated risk and protective factors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A total of 1222 individuals (40.9% of women) complet…

AdultMaleHealth Knowledge Attitudes PracticeSocial stigmamedia_common.quotation_subjectShort CommunicationSocial StigmaDeveloping countryAnxietyStigmatizationExposure03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineRisk FactorsEnvironmental healthPandemicPrevalencemedicineHumansDeveloping CountriesBiological PsychiatryLow- and Middle-Income Countriesmedia_commonCommunity resilienceResiliencebusiness.industryRwanda1. No povertyCOVID-19Middle AgedProtective FactorsResilience PsychologicalMental healthHaiti3. Good health030227 psychiatryPsychiatry and Mental healthCongoTogoAnxietyFemaleHealth educationPsychological resiliencemedicine.symptombusiness030217 neurology & neurosurgeryJournal of Psychiatric Research
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The epidemiology of Varicella Zoster Virus infection in Italy

2008

Abstract Background The epidemiological importance of varicella and zoster and the availability of an efficacious and safe vaccine have led to an important international debate regarding the suitability of mass vaccination. The objective of the study was to describe the epidemiology of varicella and zoster in Italy and to determine whether there have been changes with respect to observations provided by an analogous study conducted 8 years ago, in order to define the most appropriate vaccination strategy. Methods A number of data sources were evaluated, a cross-sectional population-based seroprevalence study was conducted on samples collected in 2004, and the results were compared with data…

AdultMaleHerpesvirus 3 HumanSettore MED/07 - Microbiologia E Microbiologia ClinicaPediatricsmedicine.medical_specialtyAdolescentCross-sectional studyPopulationVaricellamedicine.disease_causeYoung AdultChickenpoxSeroepidemiologic StudiesEnvironmental healthEpidemiologymedicineHumansSeroprevalencePreschoolChildeducationVaricella Zosterepidemiology infection in Italyeducation.field_of_studyChickenpoxbusiness.industrylcsh:Public aspects of medicineHerpesvirus 3Infant NewbornPublic Health Environmental and Occupational HealthVaricella zoster virusInfantvirus diseaseslcsh:RA1-1270Middle AgedNewbornmedicine.diseaseVaccinationCross-Sectional StudiesItalyInfectious disease (medical specialty)Adolescent; Adult; Chickenpox; Child; Child Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Herpesvirus 3 Human; Humans; Infant; Infant Newborn; Italy; Male; Middle Aged; Seroepidemiologic Studies; Young AdultChild PreschoolFemalebusinessHumanResearch ArticleBMC Public Health
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Complete Epstein-Barr virus seropositivity in a large cohort of patients with early multiple sclerosis

2020

ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in a large cohort of patients with early multiple sclerosis (MS).MethodsSerum samples were collected from 901 patients with a clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) or early relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) participating in the German National MS cohort, a prospective cohort of patients with early MS with stringent inclusion criteria. Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen (EBNA)-1 and viral capsid antigen (VCA) antibodies were measured in diluted sera by chemiluminescence immunoassays (CLIAs). Sera of EBNA-1 and VCA antibody-negative patients were retested undiluted by an EBV IgG immunoblot. For comparison, we re…

AdultMaleHerpesvirus 4 HumanMultiple Sclerosis610 Medicine & healthmedicine.disease_causeAntibodies ViralSerology03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineAntigenSeroepidemiologic Studieshemic and lymphatic diseasesGermanymedicineSeroprevalenceHumans1506Registriesddc:610Prospective cohort study610 Medicine & health030304 developmental biologyRetrospective Studies0303 health sciencesClinically isolated syndromebusiness.industryMultiple sclerosisMiddle Agedmedicine.diseaseEpstein–Barr virusddc:Psychiatry and Mental healthImmunologyCohortSurgeryFemaleNeurology (clinical)Function and Dysfunction of the Nervous Systembusiness030217 neurology & neurosurgery
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Obese Subjects Carrying the 11482G>A Polymorphism at the Perilipin Locus Are Resistant to Weight Loss after Dietary Energy Restriction

2005

Dietary treatment of obesity could be improved if predictive information about the individual's genetic response to diet was available. Adipose tissue has been the focus of efforts to identify candidate genes. Perilipin is a major protein found in adipocytes, and perilipin knockout mice are lean and resistant to diet-induced obesity.The objective of the study was to examine the association of several polymorphisms at the perilipin (PLIN) locus with obesity and weight reduction in response to a low-energy diet in obese patients.This study was a 1-yr randomized (depending on the PLIN genotype) trial with three follow-up evaluations.The study was conducted at a university research center.One h…

AdultMaleHeterozygotePerilipin-1medicine.medical_specialtyCandidate geneGuanineEndocrinology Diabetes and MetabolismClinical BiochemistryAdipose tissueBiologyBiochemistryEndocrinologyWeight lossInternal medicineWeight LossGenotypePrevalencemedicineHumansObesityAlleleAllelesAgedCaloric RestrictionPolymorphism GeneticAdenineBiochemistry (medical)Middle AgedPhosphoproteinsmedicine.diseaseObesityEndocrinologyDiabetes Mellitus Type 2PerilipinFemalemedicine.symptomCarrier ProteinsBody mass indexThe Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
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Value of the Definition of Severe Familial Hypercholesterolemia for Stratification of Heterozygous Patients

2017

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is characterized by high low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol with co-dominant transmission and high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), although with high variability among subjects. Currently, CVD stratification tools for heterozygous FH (HeFH) are not available. A definition of severe HeFH has been recently proposed by the International Atherosclerosis Society (IAS), but it has not been validated. Our study aims to see clinical characteristics and prevalence of CVD in subjects defined as severe HeFH by IAS criteria. Probable or definite HeFH introduced in the Dyslipidemia Registry of Spanish Arteriosclerosis Society were analyzed by the IAS crite…

AdultMaleHeterozygotemedicine.medical_specialtyMultivariate analysisFamilial hypercholesterolemia030204 cardiovascular system & hematologyRisk AssessmentSeverity of Illness IndexHyperlipoproteinemia Type IITendons03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineMuscular DiseasesInternal medicineSeverity of illnessPrevalenceXanthomatosismedicineHumans030212 general & internal medicineUnivariate analysisbusiness.industryCholesterol LDLOdds ratioArteriosclerosisMiddle Agedmedicine.diseaseLogistic ModelsEndocrinologyCardiovascular DiseasesMultivariate AnalysisCardiologyFemaleCardiology and Cardiovascular MedicinebusinessRisk assessmentDyslipidemiaThe American Journal of Cardiology
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Homicide as a Source of Posttraumatic Stress?: A Meta‐Analysis of the Prevalence of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder After Committing Homicide

2020

There is a growing body of literature on the diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after committing homicide that has examined the prevalence of this phenomenon among individuals who have been convicted, but these studies considerably vary. The present study was the first meta-analysis to synthesize scientific evidence regarding the prevalence of offense-related PTSD among convicted killers. A total of 691 articles were identified through an initial screening process, and the final analysis included 11 studies that met the analysis criteria. We examined the prevalence of PTSD after committing homicide and explored how these rates varied by sample type, offender type, diagnosis t…

AdultMaleHigh rateAdolescentbusiness.industryCriminalsMiddle AgedStress Disorders Post-TraumaticPsychiatry and Mental healthClinical PsychologyPosttraumatic stressDiagnosis TypeHomicideMeta-analysisPrevalenceHumansSample TypeMedicineFemaleAdult OffendersHomicidebusinessDemographyJournal of Traumatic Stress
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High prevalence of human cytomegalovirus in a population of periodontally healthy subjects.

2008

Background: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) appears to be more frequent in periodontally affected patients than in healthy control groups. Based on this assumption, it has been suggested that HCMV may play a role in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Objective: The objective of this uncontrolled study was to assess the occurrence of HCMV in a large unselected population of periodontally healthy subjects. Study Design: Fifty consecutive periodontally healthy patients satisfied the inclusion criteria. Two samples of gingival crevicular fluids were taken from two non-bleeding on probing sites for each patient. Samples were collected from the anterior and the posterior area. Polymerase chain…

AdultMaleHuman cytomegalovirusmedicine.medical_specialtyvirusesPopulationGingivaCytomegalovirusDentistryGastroenterologyPathogenesisYoung AdultInternal medicinePrevalencemedicineHumansYoung adulteducationGeneral Dentistryeducation.field_of_studyHigh prevalencebusiness.industryHealthy subjectsvirus diseasesMiddle Agedbiochemical phenomena metabolism and nutrition:CIENCIAS MÉDICAS [UNESCO]medicine.diseaseDrinking habitsOtorhinolaryngologyUNESCO::CIENCIAS MÉDICASGingival Crevicular FluidsFemaleSurgerybusiness
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