Search results for "variance"
showing 10 items of 2030 documents
Effect of carbendazim and physicochemical factors on the growth and ochratoxin A production of Aspergillus carbonarius isolated from grapes.
2007
Carbendazim is a systemic fungicide that is commonly used on several crops (tobacco, fruit, vegetables, cereals, etc.). This fungicide is used to control fungal infections in vineyards. It is indicated against Botrytis cinerea, Uncinula necator, Plasmopara viticola and other fungi and can be used either alone or coupled with other fungicides. However, there is a lack of in-depth studies to evaluate its effectiveness against growth of Aspergillus carbonarius isolated from grapes and OTA production. A medium based on red grape juice was used in this study. Preliminary studies were performed at 0.98 a(w) and 25 degrees C using carbendazim concentrations over a wide range (1-2000 ng/ml medium) …
Occurrence of mycotoxin producing fungi in bee pollen
2005
The natural mycobiota occurring in bee pollen is studied in the present report with special attention to analyze the incidence of fungal species that are potential producers of mycotoxins. A total of 90 ready-to-eat bee pollen samples were analyzed. Eighty-seven samples were collected in stores placed in different Spanish areas and three were from Buenos Aires (Argentina). The statistical results (ANOVA) showed that yeasts and Penicillium spp. were the predominant fungi. With regard to the potential mycotoxin producing species, Penicillium verrucosum, Aspergillus niger aggregate, Aspergillus carbonarius, Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus and Alternaria spp. …
PARASITES AND SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN PSYCHID MOTHS
2004
Persistence of sexual reproduction among coexisting asexual competitors has been a major paradox in evolutionary biology. The number of empirical studies is still very limited, as few systems with coexisting sexual and strictly asexual lineages have been found. We studied the ecological mechanisms behind the simultaneous coexistence of a sexually and an asexually reproducing closely related species of psychid moth in Central Finland between 1999 and 2001. The two species compete for the same resources and are often infected by the same hymenopteran parasitoids. They are extremely morphologically and behaviorally similar and can be separated only by their reproductive strategy (sexual vs. as…
Effect of antipsychotic drugs on cortical thickness. A randomized controlled one-year follow-up study of haloperidol, risperidone and olanzapine.
2012
Abstract Background Imaging evidence indicates that brain alterations are primary to the full-blown onset of schizophrenia and seem to progress across time. The potential effects of antipsychotic medication on brain structure represent a key factor in understanding brain changes in psychosis. We aimed to investigate the effects of low doses of haloperidol, risperidone and olanzapine on cortical thickness. Method We investigated the effects of risperidone (N = 16), olanzapine (N = 18) and low doses of haloperidol (N = 18) in cortical thickness changes during 1-year follow-up period in a large and heterogeneous sample of schizophrenia spectrum patients. The relationship between cortical thick…
Focal Lesions within the ventral striato-pallidum abolish attraction for male chemosignals in female mice
2014
In rodents, socio-sexual behaviour is largely mediated by chemosensory cues, some of which are rewarding stimuli. Female mice display an innate attraction towards male chemosignals, dependent on the vomeronasal system. This behaviour likely reflects the hedonic value of sexual chemosignals. The anteromedial aspect of the olfactory tubercle, along with its associated islands of Calleja, receives vomeronasal inputs and sexually-dimorphic vasopressinergic innervation. Thus, we hypothesised that this portion of the ventral striato-pallidum, known to be involved in reward processing, might be important for sexual odorant-guided behaviours. In this study, we demonstrate that lesions of this regio…
Olfactory function in children assessed with psychophysical and electrophysiological techniques
2007
International audience; The olfactory information processing abilities of children undergo changes during early life. The aims of the present study were to describe these changes and to probe for their electrophysiological correlates. These aims were investigated in two experiments. In Experiment 1, responses of 146 subjects (3-12 years) were tested with psychophysical tools. Approximately 2/3 of the subjects completed the olfactory tests ("Sniffin' Sticks"). In Experiment 2, 12 additional subjects (3-10 years) were tested with electrophysiological tools. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded in response to olfactory stimulation with H(2)S. Results from Experiment 1 indicated that d…
New pathways of increased cardiovascular risk in depression: a pilot study on the association of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein with pro-atheros…
2013
Abstract Background An elevation of inflammatory markers such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) can be found in patients with depressive disorders. Inflammatory processes are known to influence atherosclerosis and might also mediate the link between depression and diabetes. The present study aimed at comparing hs-CRP and its relationship with atherogenic platelet markers in patients with type 2 diabetes (TD2) and/or newly diagnosed major depression (MD). Methods Hs-CRP concentrations in 24 patients with TD2, 21 patients with MD (diagnosed according to ICD-10 and DSM-IV), 19 patients with TD2 and comorbid MD, and 25 healthy controls were compared using analysis of variance. The…
Assessing the impact of CMF-like/Anthracycline-based/Anthracycline-Taxane-based/dose-dense chemotherapy in dependency of positive axillary lymph node…
2014
Abstract Aim Adjuvant chemotherapy has changed dramatically in the last decades. Anthracycline-/Taxane-based and dose-dense chemotherapy regimens improved survival in node positive breast cancer. This study tries to answer the following questions: (1)Are there differences in survival dependent on chemotherapy regimens in stratified by number of positive lymph nodes/grading (G)/hormone receptor-status (HR)/T-stage? (2)Is it possible to attribute these effects to chemotherapy by only investigating patients who received 100% guideline-conform surgery, radiotherapy and endocrine therapy? Methods This is a German multi-centre (17 participating hospitals all certified as breast cancer centres) re…
Isolated Lung Perfusion as an Adjuvant Treatment of Colorectal Cancer Lung Metastases: A Preclinical Study in a Pig Model
2012
BackgroundThe lung is a frequent site of colorectal cancer (CRC) metastases. After surgical resection, lung metastases recurrences have been related to the presence of micrometastases, potentially accessible to a high dose chemotherapy administered via adjuvant isolated lung perfusion (ILP). We sought to determine in vitro the most efficient drug when administered to CRC cell lines during a short exposure and in vivo its immediate and delayed tolerance when administered via ILP.MethodsFirst, efficacy of various cytotoxic molecules against a panel of human CRC cell lines was tested in vitro using cytotoxic assay after a 30-minute exposure. Then, early (operative) and delayed (1 month) tolera…
Behavioural sensitization to repeated sleep deprivation in a mice model of mania.
2008
Sensitization to the effect of stress has been hypothesized as a mechanism to explain episode recurrence and cycle acceleration in bipolar disorder. Naturalistic observations and experimental work in human patients suggested that sleep deprivation can trigger manic episodes of illness. In rats sleep deprivation (SD) with the platform method caused mania-like behaviours thus providing an animal model of mania with face, construct, and predictive validity. In the present study we administered SD or control stress to male CD1 mice following a dose-response protocol based on time of exposure to the experimental conditions (6, 12 or 24 h) and repetition of treatment (three times). SD, but not st…