Search results for "vesicles"

Mastering the Tools: Natural versus Artificial Vesicles in Nanomedicine

2020

Naturally occurring extracellular vesicles and artificially made vesicles represent important tools in nanomedicine for the efficient delivery of biomolecules and drugs. Since its first appearance in the literature 50 years ago, the research on vesicles is progressing at a fast pace, with the main goal of developing carriers able to protect cargoes from degradation, as well as to deliver them in a time- and space-controlled fashion. While natural occurring vesicles have the advantage of being fully compatible with their host, artificial vesicles can be easily synthetized and functionalized according to the target to reach. Research is striving to merge the advantages of natural and artifici…

Selection of Membrane RNA Aptamers to Amyloid Beta Peptide: Implications for Exosome-Based Antioxidant Strategies

2019

The distribution of amyloid beta peptide 42 (Aβ42) between model exosomal membranes and a buffer solution was measured. The model membranes contained liquid-ordered regions or phosphatidylserine. Results demonstrated that up to ca. 20% of amyloid peptide, generated in the plasma (or intracellular) membrane as a result of proteolytic cleavage of amyloid precursor proteins by β- and γ-secretases, can stay within the membrane milieu. The selection of RNA aptamers that bind to Aβ42 incorporated into phosphatidylserine-containing liposomal membranes was performed using the selection-amplification (SELEX) method. After eight selection cycles, the pool of RNA aptamers was isol…

Differences in intercellular communication during clinical relapse and gadolinium-enhanced MRI in patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosi…

2018

This study was designed based on the hypothesis that changes in both the levels and surface marker expression of extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) may be associated with the clinical form, disease activity, and severity of multiple sclerosis (MS). The analyzes were performed on subjects affected by MS or other neurological disorders. EVs, which were isolated by ultracentrifugation of CSF samples, were characterized by flow cytometry. A panel of fluorescent antibodies was used to identify the EV origin: CD4, CCR3, CCR5, CD19, and CD200, as well as isolectin IB4. The Mann–Whitney U-test and Kruskal–Wallis test were used for statistical analyzes. EVs isol…

Extracellular vesicles in the human maternal-embryo crosstalk during the preconception period

2020

ANTECEDENTES: nuestro grupo demostró que el endometrio humano secreta exosomas (EXOs) al líquido endometrial (LE) con un contenido en miRNAs específico que puede ser internalizado por el embrión para favorecer la adhesión embrionaria. OBJETIVOS: definir y caracterizar los diferentes tipos de vesículas extracelulares (VEs) secretados por el endometrio humano al LE y estudiar su contenido en DNA, determinar si es internalizado por el embrión y si afecta a su regulación energética. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: El aislamiento de las VEs del LE se realizó mediante centrifugación diferencial. Se estudió su morfología, marcadores moleculares, tamaño y concentración a lo largo del ciclo menstrual. Su cont…

Superfood for axons: Glial exosomes boost axonal energetics by delivery of SIRT2

2021

Axon integrity depends on support by glia facilitating axonal maintenance and energy homeostasis, but the molecular mechanisms are not well understood. In this issue of Neuron, Chamberlain et al. (2021) provide evidence that oligodendrocyte-to-axon transfer of SIRT2 via extracellular vesicles (exosomes) enables deacetylation of mitochondrial proteins, enhancing axonal energy production.

Exosomes in NSCLC as a source of biomarkers

2019

Abstract Background Exosomes are small membranous vesicles (around 40-130 nm), that have been detected in different biological samples, that play a key role in NSCLC and being relevant in stem cell differentiation as well. The main objective of this study was to analyze the exosomes cargo from NSCLC cell cultures growth in monolayer (2D) and suspension conditions (3D, lung tumorespheres). Methods Cultures were established from NSCLC resected patients and cell lines. Exosomes isolation was performed by ultracentrifugation. Characterization was carried out by NTA, electron microscopy, immunoblot and flow cytometry. Mutational status of EGFR and RAS genes was analyzed by BEAMing dPCR. Transcri…

2015

Cells secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs) by default and in response to diverse stimuli for the purpose of cell communication and tissue homeostasis. EVs are present in all body fluids including peripheral blood, and their appearance correlates with specific physiological and pathological conditions. Here, we show that physical activity is associated with the release of nano-sized EVs into the circulation. Healthy individuals were subjected to an incremental exercise protocol of cycling or running until exhaustion, and EVs were isolated from blood plasma samples taken before, immediately after and 90 min after exercise. Small EVs with the size of 100–130 nm, that carried proteins character…

Proteomic profiling of vesicles released by 8701-bc cells

2008

8701-BC cells were shown to release “membrane vesicles” playing a role in tumor progression mechanisms. On the other hand, production of “exosomes”, smaller vesicles known to be involved in immune response activation, had not been revealed. The first goal of this study was to separate different vesicle populations from 8701-BC cell conditioned medium. To this aim, the medium was differentially centrifuged. Western analysis revealed that the 15,000xg pelletted fraction contains β1-integrin, which had been shown to be clustered in membrane vesicles shed by 8701-BC cells, but not Hsc70, a protein found in exosomes. On the contrary, Hsc70 is detectable while β1-integrin is not present in the fr…

Paracrine effect of membrane vesicles released by mouse mesoangioblast stem cells

2016

Introduction: Mouse mesoangioblasts are vessel-associated multipotent progenitor stem cells, which are able to differentiate into different mesodermal cell types. In our previous paper, we have demonstrated that mesoangioblasts are able to shed in the extracellular environment membrane vesicles (EVs), which contain both structural proteins and biological factors such as FGF2 and the two gelatinases MMP2/9. We investigated whether these EV interact in a paracrine way with other cell types different from mesoangioblasts, and eventually the effects of this interaction. Methods: Mesoangioblast EVs were collected from conditioned media by ultracentrifugation. Total mRNAs from mesoangioblasts and…

International Society for Extracellular Vesicles: first annual meeting, April 17-21, 2012: ISEV-2012

2012

Extracellular micro- and nano-scale membrane vesicles produced by different cells are recognized as an essential entity of physiological fluids in a variety of organisms and function as mediators of intercellular communication employed for the regulation of multiple systemic and local processes. In the last decade, an exponential amount of experimental work was dedicated to exploring the biogenesis and secretion mechanisms, physiological and pathological functions and potential applications of the extracellular vesicles (EVs). Noteworthy is the large heterogeneity of in vitro and in vivo models applied, technical approaches developed in these studies and the diversity of designations assign…