Search results for "vieillissement"

Senescence and longevity : from physiological mechanisms to evolutionary processes : studies in birds and mammals

2012

There is an incredible diversity of lifespan in the animal kingdom ranging from a few days for small gastrotrichs worms to several hundred of years for some bivalves or tortoises. This amazing diversity has long questioned biology researchers. The growing interest in the phenomenon of aging, mainly due to the increase in life expectancy in humans, has questioned researchers on processes that determine patterns of longevity and ageing. On the one hand, biomedical and biogerontological studies helped describe numerous cellular and physiological mechanisms related to aging. Among these mechanisms, oxidative stress has been identified as playing a major role, through life-time accumulation of d…

Prospective study of population aging in Verviers District (wallonia, belgium).

2013

Aging population has become an important issue and challenge in most Western Europe countries. This substantive change is likely to deeply affect the structure and the way our societies work (European commission, 2012a). Furthermore, aging population and its consequences are now a sensitive topic in policy at both European and national levels, especially concerning budget discussions and the increased societal costs linked to the phenomenon (European commission, 2012b). However, at more local scales, the topic is not fully integrated in urban or regional policies yet. This situation can be seen as a paradox since local collectivities will have to concretely deal with the impacts and the gro…

Alimentation et vision : entre promotion et protection du vieillissement de la rétine

2010

National audience; La nutrition trouve un écho important dans la recherche translationnelle en ophtalmologie. Au-delà de placer la nutrition au chevet du patient, il s’agit de comprendre en quoi et comment la nutrition participe au fonctionnement de la rétine et à prévenir le développement pathologique. Les nutriments lipophiles occupent une place importante dans cette recherche d’association. Ils peuvent être considérés à la fois comme promoteurs du vieillissement rétinien et comme protecteurs de ses évolutions pathologiques.

Vécu du vieillissement et vécu du temps

2015

International audience

Etude de la stabilité de films industriels de PLA et de leur modification de surface pour des applications en tant qu'emballage alimentaire biodégrad…

2017

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a biodegradable and renewable polyester, which is considered as the most promising eco-friendly substitute of conventional plastics. It is mainly used for food packaging applications, but some drawbacks still reduce its applications. On the one hand, its low barrier performance to gases (e.g. O2 and CO2) limits its use for applications requiring low gas transfer, such as modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) or for carbonate beverage packaging. On the other hand, its natural water sensitivity, which contributes to its biodegradation, limits its use for high moisture foods with long shelf life.Other biopolymers such as wheat gluten (WG) can be considered as interesti…

CIAG Bien vieillir : les vidéos sont en ligne

2013

Le carrefour de l’innovation agronomique dédié à l’alimentation des séniors et du bien vieillir s'est tenu au Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation de Dijon le 27 novembre 2013. Les vidéos sont en ligne.

La sensibilité à l'astringence en fonction de l'âge est-elle liée aux Protéines Riches en Proline (PRP) de la salive ?

2022

Lipid and homeostatic alterations in nervous tissues associated with aging and metabolic dysregulations: implication of gut microbiota and autophagy

2020

The retina and the brain are two nervous tissues rich in lipids. Aging and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are associated with functional and physiological alterations of these tissues as well as modifications in the composition of the gut microbiota. The global objective of this thesis work is to understand the lipid and homeostatic alterations in aging and MetS contexts in the retina and the brain. In a first study, we evaluated the impact of the modifications in the composition of the gut microbiota associated with aging on the lipid/fatty acid contents of the liver and the brain (cortex). We showed that colonization of germ-free mice with the gut microbiota of old mice modulated the hepatic e…

Retinal vascular network: description in elderly and pathological process

2020

For more than 10 years, description of the retinal microvascular network has benefited from the development of new imaging techniques. Automatic retinal images analysis software, as well as OCT angiography, are able to highlight subtle and early changes in the retinal vascular network. In addition, these software allow to obtain a large amount of quantitative microvascular parameters which improve the characterization of retinal vascularization. The challenge of current research is to demonstrate the association between these microvascular modifications, systemic vascular aging process and cerebral and cardiovascular disease. Indeed, a physiopathological continuum exists between retinal mic…

Participation of nutritional and environmental factors in aging of the retina and age-related retinopathies

2012

With advanced age, aging of the human retina can evolve into pathological forms, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or diabetic retinopathy (DR). Meanwhile, epidemiological studies suggest that a diet rich in long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) such as EPA and DHA, potentially protects against the development of AMD and insulin resistance, the main risk factor for DR. Within this context, our research objectives were to assess: 1 - the impact of endogen and environmental factors, known to trigger oxidative stress, advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) or insulin resistance, on the function and aging of the retina, and 2 - the response of the retina to a omega-3 LC-…