Search results for "views"
showing 10 items of 576 documents
Omission of Quality Software Development Practices : A Systematic Literature Review
2018
Software deficiencies are minimized by utilizing recommended software development and quality assurance practices. However, these recommended practices (i.e., quality practices) become ineffective if software professionals purposefully ignore them. Conducting a systematic literature review (n = 4,838), we discovered that only a small number of previous studies, within software engineering and information systems literature, have investigated the omission of quality practices. These studies explain the omission of quality practices mainly as a result of organizational decisions and trade-offs made under resource constraints or market pressure. However, our study indicates that different aspe…
Internal limiting membrane peeling versus no peeling during primary vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: A systematic review and meta-an…
2018
Background Internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling during primary vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) prevents the formation of postoperative macular epiretinal membrane (ERM). However, studies that compared vitrectomy with and without ILM peeling for RRD, have reported controversial outcomes. Objective To assess the efficacy of ILM peeling versus non-ILM peeling during vitrectomy for RRD by a systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies. Methods PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, Embase databases, and the Cochrane Library were searched up to April 2018 to identify studies that compared primary vitrectomy with and without ILM peeling for RRD with at least six m…
Genomic conflicts and sexual antagonism in human health: Insights from oxytocin and testosterone
2015
We review the hypothesized and observed effects of two of the major forms of genomic conflicts, genomic imprinting and sexual antagonism, on human health. We focus on phenotypes mediated by peptide and steroid hormones (especially oxytocin and testosterone) because such hormones centrally mediate patterns of physical and behavioral resource allocation that underlie both forms of conflict. In early development, a suite of imprinted genes modulates the human oxytocinergic system as predicted from theory, with paternally inherited gene expression associated with higher oxytocin production, and increased solicitation to mothers by infants. This system is predicted to impact health through the i…
New Vocabulary for Bacterial Communication
2019
Abstract Quorum sensing (QS) is widely accepted as a procedure that bacteria use to converse. However, prevailing thinking places acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) at the forefront of this communication pathway in Gram‐negative bacteria. With the advent of high‐throughput genomics and the subsequent influx of bacterial genomes, bioinformatics analysis has determined that the genes encoding AHL biosynthesis, originally discovered to be indispensable for QS (LuxI‐like proteins and homologues), are often absent in QS‐capable bacteria. Instead, the sensing protein (LuxR‐like proteins) is present with an apparent inability to produce any outgoing AHL signal. Recently, several signals for these Lux…
Genotyping of Campylobacter spp.
2000
method. The major disadvantages of both of these techniques are the high number of untypeable strains and the time-consuming and technically demanding requirements of the techniques. Production and quality control of antiserum reagents for serotyping schemes are costly; consequently, these reagents are not widely available. A recently developed scheme (23) based on HS antigens in which modified antibody production and antigen detection techniques are used may be an improvement for routine use, but this scheme does not solve the problem of restricted reagent availability or the problem of the high level of nontypeability. Because of such problems, the value of serotyping techniques for natio…
Predicting risk and outcomes for frail older adults: an umbrella review of frailty screening tools
2017
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Background A scoping search identified systematic reviews on diagnostic accuracy and predictive ability of frailty measures in older adults. In most cases, research was confined to specific assessment measures related to a specific clinical model. Objectives To summarize the best available evidence from systematic reviews in relation to reliability, validity, diagnostic accuracy and predictive ability of frailty measures in older adults. Inclusion criteria Population Older adults aged 60 years or older recruited from community, primary care, long-term residential care and hospitals. Index test Available frailty measures in older adults. Reference test Cardiovascular Health…
Perception and consumption of alcohol among the immigrant population from Latin America in Valencia region (Spain).
2010
This study examines patterns of alcohol consumption among the Hispanic immigrant population in Valencia (Spain), and also whether the length of immigrants’ residence in our country and perceived degree of discrimination have any influence on such patterns. A total of 610 Spanish-speaking immigrants (314 women, 296 men) over 15 years of age, from six Hispano-American countries were interviewed in 2006; 76.8% had consumed alcohol in the previous 12 months; 37.6% drink more alcohol in Spain than in their country of origin. This study shows the need to develop specific programs for the immigrant population, with special consideration for the young, males, and smokers. The study's limitations ar…
Self-reported chronic mental health problems and mental health service use in Spain.
2009
Objectives: To determine the prevalence of self-reported chronic mental health problems (MHPs) and mental health service use and their determinants, among the Spanish population over 14 years of age. Methods: Data from the 1999 Spanish Survey on Disabilities, Deficiencies, and State of Health were used. The survey is a cross-sectional study based on a multi-stage stratified sample of all the non-institutionalized Spanish population aged over 14 years (n=59,101, 11% non-responders). Multivariate logistic regression analysis were used. Results: 10.7% of the Spanish population suffer from an MHP. The highest prevalences were found in women, divorced/separated persons, those with a lower level…
Association between socioeconomic factors and sleep quality in an urban population-based sample in Germany.
2013
BACKGROUND: Good sleep quality is essential for recovery. The risk factors of sleep disorders have been extensively investigated, but there is sparse information on the association of socioeconomic factors with a person's sleep quality. The aim of the present analysis is to investigate this association, taking particularly the effect of health confounders into consideration.METHODS: The data were extracted from the cross-sectional QUEBEB Study. In total, the study sample consisted of 3281 participants (1817 women and 1464 men, aged 16-72 years). Here socioeconomic status (SES) was collected from the baseline survey taken in 2004. Sleep quality for the same participants was measured with in-…
Effect of physical activity on health in twins: a 30-yr longitudinal study.
2010
Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate whether persistent leisure-time physical activity, adjusted for genetic liability and childhood experiences, protects against chronic diseases, early signs of disability, and loss of life satisfaction. Methods: From 5663 healthy adult twin pairs, we identified 146 pairs who were discordant for both intensity and volume of leisure physical activity in 1975 and 1981. Of them, both members of 95 pairs were alive and participated in our follow-up study in 2005 when chronic diseases (such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and osteoarthritis), life satisfaction, and disability were assessed by a structured telephone interview. The mean age of t…