Search results for "virus"
showing 10 items of 5024 documents
Recurrent domestication by Lepidoptera of genes from their parasites mediated by Bracoviruses
2015
Bracoviruses are symbiotic viruses associated with tens of thousands of species of parasitic wasps that develop within the body of lepidopteran hosts and that collectively parasitize caterpillars of virtually every lepidopteran species. Viral particles are produced in the wasp ovaries and injected into host larvae with the wasp eggs. Once in the host body, the viral DNA circles enclosed in the particles integrate into lepidopteran host cell DNA. Here we show that bracovirus DNA sequences have been inserted repeatedly into lepidopteran genomes, indicating this viral DNA can also enter germline cells. The original mode of Horizontal Gene Transfer (HGT) unveiled here is based on the integrativ…
Expansion of specific alphabeta+ T-cell subsets in the myocardium of patients with myocarditis and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy associated with …
2003
Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC) is one of the major causes of death in humans and has been linked to Coxsackievirus B (CVB) infection. The aim of this study was to analyze phenotypes of heart-infiltrating immune cells in patients suffering from myocarditis and IDC associated with CVB infections. We found that the myocardium of these patients was infiltrated by CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes as well as macrophages. Evidence of CVB3/4 infections was also found. In the majority of patients, the T-cell receptor repertoire (TCR) of the infiltrating lymphocytes was restricted, with a polyclonal expansion of the Vbeta7 gene family. We also found that human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II…
Cell biology: Refined siRNA screens.
2012
A large set of high-content RNAi screens investigating mammalian virus infection and multiple cellular activities is analysed to reveal the impact of population context on phenotypic variability and to identify indirect RNAi effects.
The Application of CRISPR/Cas9 Technology for Cancer Immunotherapy: Current Status and Problems
2022
Cancer is one of the main causes of disease-related deaths in the world. Although cancer treatment strategies have been improved in recent years, the survival time of cancer patients is still far from satisfied. Cancer immunotherapy, such as Oncolytic virotherapy, Immune checkpoints inhibition, Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy, Chimeric antigen receptor natural killer (CAR-NK) cell therapy and macrophages genomic modification, has emerged as an effective therapeutic strategy for different kinds of cancer. However, many patients do not respond to the cancer immunotherapy which warrants further investigation to optimize this strategy. The clustered regularly interspaced short …
Relationship between oral Kaposi ?s sarcoma and HAART : Contribution of two case reports
2008
Two HIV infected patients not receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment (HAART) presented with epidemic Kaposi?s sarcoma of the oral cavity. One patient initially refused HAART, but when the lesion became large enough to be noticeable he agreed to HAART associated with excision of the intraoral lesion by CO2 laser. The other patient developed KS and progressed to AIDS at two years after ceasing HAART due to adverse effects; he was referred to hospital for renewed administration of HAART. In both cases, the lesions observed in the oral cavity were the first clinical manifestation of AIDS. These reports underline the close relationship between the use of HAART and the control of KS les…
Immune tolerance disruption by human parvovirus B19 viral infection mechanisms
2013
Virusinfektioita pidetään kasvavissa määrin suurimpana ympäristöperäisenä syynä, joka vaikuttaa autoimmuunisairauksien kehitykseen ja autoimmuniteetin muodostukseen. Esimerkiksi parvovirus B19 (B19V) on yhdistetty punahukkaan sekä nivelreumaan. On todettu, että B19V:n ei-rakenteellinen proteiini 1 (NS1) aiheuttaa apoptoosia soluissa, jotka eivät tavallisesti ole B19V infektion kohteena. Lisäksi hiljattain on osoitettu, että apoptoosin seurauksena muodostuvat apoptoottiset kappaleet kykenevät esittelemään antigeenejä niitä esittelemään erikoistuneille soluille, kuten makrofageille tai dendriittisoluille. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on löytää B19V infektioon liittyviä autoantigeenejä sekä…
Classification of current anticancer immunotherapies.
2014
© 2014. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Nuclear entry and egress of parvoviruses.
2022
Parvoviruses are small non-enveloped single-stranded DNA viruses, which depend on host cell nuclear transcriptional and replication machinery. After endosomal exposure of nuclear localization sequence and a phospholipase A2 domain on the capsid surface, and escape into the cytosol, parvovirus capsids enter the nucleus. Due to the small capsid diameter of 18–26 nm, intact capsids can potentially pass into the nucleus through nuclear pore complexes (NPCs). This might be facilitated by active nuclear import, but capsids may also follow an alternative entry pathway that includes activation of mitotic factors and local transient disruption of the nuclear envelope. The nuclear entry is followed b…
Impact COVID-19 pandemic on implementation industry 4.0 in enterprises and supply chains
2021
Purpose: The aim of this study is to discuss the impact COVID-19 pandemic on implementation 4.0 technologies in enterprises and supply chains. Design/methodology/approach: The study performs review of literature to identify key aspects of Industry 4.0, the COVID-19 pandemic in the economy. Findings: The paper explained the changes in the functioning of enterprises and supply chains and their transformation towards Industry 4.0. The authors defined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of applying technology trends of the Industry 4.0 by enterprises and supply chains. We claim that in the enterprises and supply chains will be the need to invest in new technologies for the long t…
Echovirus 1 entry into polarized Caco-2 cells depends on dynamin, cholesterol, and cellular factors associated with macropinocytosis
2013
Enteroviruses invade their hosts by crossing the intestinal epithelium. We have examined the mechanism by which echovirus 1 (EV1) enters polarized intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2). Virus binds to VLA-2 on the apical cell surface and moves rapidly to early endosomes. Using inhibitory drugs, dominant negative mutants, and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to block specific endocytic pathways, we found that virus entry requires dynamin GTPase and membrane cholesterol but is independent of both clathrin- and caveolin-mediated endocytosis. Instead, infection requires factors commonly associated with macropinocytosis, including amiloride-sensitive Na /H exchange, protein kinase C, and C-termina…