Search results for "vitamin"
showing 10 items of 931 documents
Effects of l-Carnitine in Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Review of Clinical Studies
2019
Carnitine is an amino acid derivative, which plays several important roles in human physiology, in the central nervous system, and for mitochondrial metabolism, in particular. Altered carnitine metabolic routes have been associated with a subgroup of patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and could add to the pathophysiology associated with these disorders. We review the current evidence about the clinical effects of carnitine administration in ASD in both non-syndromic forms and ASD associated with genetic disorders. Two randomized clinical trials and one open-label prospective trial suggest that carnitine administration could be useful for treating symptoms in non-syndromic ASD. Th…
Phytochemicals as inhibitors of NF-κB for treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
2017
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia. The exact pathophysiology of this disease remains incompletely understood and safe and effective therapies are required. AD is highly correlated with neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in brain causing neuronal loss. Nuclear factor of activated B-cells (NF-κB) is involved in physiological inflammatory processes and thus representing a promising target for inflammation-based AD therapy. Phytochemicals are able to interfere with the NF-κB pathway. They inhibit the phosphorylation or the ubiquitination of signaling molecules, and thus, inhibit the degradation of IκB. The translocation of NF-κB to the nucleus and subsequent tr…
Vitamin A deficiency disturbs collagen IV and laminin composition and decreases matrix metalloproteinase concentrations in rat lung. Partial reversib…
2011
Vitamin A is essential for lung development and pulmonary cell differentiation. Its deficiency leads to altered lung structure and function and to basement membrane architecture and composition disturbances. Previously, we showed that lack of retinoids thickens the alveolar basement membrane and increases collagen IV, which are reversed by retinoic acid, the main biologically active vitamin A form. This study analyzed how vitamin A deficiency affects the subunit composition of collagen IV and laminin of lung basement membranes and pulmonary matrix metalloproteinase content, plus the recovering effect of all-trans-retinoic acid. Male weanling pups were fed a retinol-adequate/-deficient diet …
Variables affecting the quality of anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation patients newly initiating vitamin K antagonists: insights from the national…
2021
Abstract Aims Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) are effective drugs reducing the risk for stroke in atrial fibrillation (AF), but the benefits derived from such therapy depend on the international normalized ratio (INR) maintenance in a narrow therapeutic range. Here, we aimed to determine independent variables driving poor anticoagulation control [defined as a time in therapeutic range (TTR) <65%] in a ‘real world’ national cohort of AF patients. Methods and results The SULTAN registry is a multicentre, prospective study, involving patients with non-valvular AF from 72 cardiology units expert in AF in Spain. At inclusion, all patients naïve for oral anticoagulation were started with VKAs…
Stability of ascorbic acid in adapted milk-based infant formulae during storage
2004
A study was made of the effects of storage (for up to 17 months at 22 or 37 °C) on the ascorbic acid contents of four adapted milk-based infant formulae with the same composition except for the iron salt added (lactate or sulphate) and/or the vitamin E source involved (α-tocopherol (α-T) or α-tocopherol acetate (α-TAc)). Ascorbic acid was measured by a voltammetric method. The ascorbic acid contents of the formulae ranged from 0.77–0.84 g kg−1 immediately after manufacture to 0.41–0.48 g kg−1 after 17 months of storage. Samples stored at 22 °C had higher ascorbic acid contents than those stored at 37 °C. A multiple regression analysis performed to evaluate ascorbic acid evolution throughout…
Nutritional Status in Aging and Lung Disease
2016
Abstract Lung diseases exert a negative impact on nutritional status, especially among older patients where aging per se is already associated with relevant changes in nutrient intake, metabolism, and body composition. Both respiratory (increased respiratory work, hypoxia, and local oxidative stress and inflammation) and nonrespiratory (sarcopenia, reduced mitochondrial biogenesis and anabolic hormones, balance of orexigenic/anorexigenic neuropeptides, and systemic inflammation and oxidative stress) contribute to the association between lung diseases and malnutrition. For these reasons, nutritional assessments are of paramount importance in older patients with lung diseases. Current evidenc…
Poor Bone Quality in Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
2020
Objective: Musculoskeletal functional deterioration in Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is associated with an increase in bone fractures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of sex, ALS type, on bone quality in patients with ALS compared to healthy controls. The impact on bone health of the clinical status and some metabolic parameters was also analyzed in ALS patients.Methods: A series of 33 voluntary patients with ALS, and 66 healthy individuals matched in sex and age underwent assessment of bone mass quality using quantitative ultrasound (QUS) of the calcaneus. Ultrasonic broadband attenuation (BUA), the speed of sound (SOS), stiffness index and T-score were measur…
The Role of Vitamin D in Early Knee Osteoarthritis and Its Relationship with Their Physical and Psychological Status
2021
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint condition and one of the greatest causes of disability worldwide. The role of vitamin D in the origin and development of the disease is not clear, although it could have important implications for diagnosis and treatment. For this proposal, a cross-sectional study with a non-probabilistic sample was performed. In total, 48 with early osteoarthritis (EOA) and 48 matched controls were selected, and serum 25(OH)D and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were analyzed. In addition, physical and psychological variables were measured to establish their relationship with vitamin D levels. Patients with EOA showed lower levels (22.3 ± 7.3 ng/mL) in comparison to ma…
Vitamin D deficiency predicts cognitive decline in older men and women: The Pro.V.A. Study
2014
Objective: To test the hypothesis that hypovitaminosis D is associated with a higher risk of cognitive decline over a 4.4-year follow-up in a large sample of older adults. Methods: This research was part of the Progetto Veneto Anziani (Pro.V.A.), an Italian populationbased cohort study of 1,927 elderly subjects. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels were measured at the baseline. Global cognitive function was measured with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE); scores lower than 24 were indicative of cognitive dysfunction, and a decline of 3 or more points on the MMSE over the follow-up was considered as clinically significant. Analyses were adjusted for relevant confounders, includin…
Deciphering the Potential of Pre and Pro-Vitamin D of Mushrooms against Mpro and PLpro Proteases of COVID-19: An In Silico Approach
2022
Vitamin D’s role in combating the SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), the virus causing COVID-19, has been established in unveiling viable inhibitors of COVID-19. The current study investigated the role of pre and pro-vitamin D bioactives from edible mushrooms against Mpro and PLpro proteases of SARS-CoV-2 by computational experiments. The bioactives of mushrooms, specifically ergosterol (provitamin D2), 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin-D3), 22,23-dihydroergocalciferol (provitamin-D4), cholecalciferol (vitamin-D3), and ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) were screened against Mpro and PLpro. Molecular docking analyses of the generated bioactive protease complexes unr…