Search results for "wage"
showing 10 items of 731 documents
Preliminary data set to assess the performance of an outdoor membrane photobioreactor
2019
[EN] This data in brief (DIB) article is related to a Research article entitled 'Optimising an outdoor membrane photobioreactor for tertiary sewage treatment' [1]. Data related to the effect of substrate turbidity, the ammonium concentration at which the culture reaches nitrogen-deplete conditions and the microalgae growth rate under outdoor conditions is provided. Microalgae growth rates under different substrate turbidity were obtained to assess the reduction of the culture's light availability. Lab-scale experiments showed growth rates reductions of 22-44%. Respirometric tests were carried to know the limiting ammonium concentration in thismicroalgae-basedwastewater treatment system. Gro…
Enantioselective transformation of fluoxetine in water and its ecotoxicological relevance
2017
European legislation focusing on water quality is expected to broaden to encompass several pharmaceuticals as priority hazardous substances. This manuscript aims to challenge current regulatory approaches that do not recognize stereochemistry of chiral pharmaceuticals by testing the hypothesis that environmental transformation and effects of chiral pharmaceuticals are stereoselective. Our experiments revealed that, while degradation of chiral fluoxetine (FL) in river water occurs via non-enantioselective photochemical and mildly-enantioselective microbial processes favoring the (R)-enantiomer, a pronounced enantioselectivity favoring (S)-FL (leading to the formation of (S)-NFL (norfluoxetin…
Energy efficiency in Spanish wastewater treatment plants: a non-radial DEA approach.
2011
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are energy-intensive facilities. Thus, reducing their carbon footprint is particularly important, both economically and environmentally. Knowing the real operating energy efficiency of WWTPs is the starting point for any energy-saving initiative. In this article, we applied a non-radial Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology to calculate energy efficiency indices for sampling of WWTPs located in Spain. In a second stage analysis, we examined the operating variables contributing to differences in energy efficiency among plants. It is verified that energy efficiencies of the analyzed WWTPs were quite low, with only 10% of them being efficient. We found…
Gender and potential wage in Europe: a stochastic frontier approach
2011
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide evidence concerning wage differentials and the existence of gender pay discrimination in France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom.Design/methodology/approachThe authors used the stochastic frontier approach as an alternative method to measure the relevance of gender discrimination. This methodology allows them to explain the differences between the potential and the observed wage that an individual could obtain, given his or her human capital endowment.FindingsThe authors found support for wage discrimination against women. The results show that a significant part of the gender wage gap in all the countries analysed is not attributa…
Rapid determination of pharmaceuticals in wastewater by direct infusion HRMS using target and suspect screening analysis
2021
Abstract A wide-scope screening of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and their transformation products (TPs) in wastewater can yield valuable insights and pinpoint emerging contaminants that have not been previously reported. Such information is relevant to investigate their occurrence and fate in various environmental compartments. In this study, we explored the applicability of direct infusion high resolution mass spectrometry (DI-HRMS) for comprehensive and rapid detection of APIs and their TPs in wastewater samples. The method was developed using a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) system and incorporated both wide-scope suspect screening and…
Toxicity assessment and biodegradation potential of water-soluble sludge containing 2,4,6-trinitrotoluen
2013
The water-soluble phase of trinitrotoluene-containing sludge (SLP) was characterized with regard to trinitrotoluene (TNT) concentration, ecotoxicity, and a model biodegradation experiment as evaluation criteria for further development of appropriate treatment technologies. SLP contained 67.8 mg TNT/l. The results of germination and root-elongation tests indicated that SLP had a species-specific phytotoxic effect. The results of a 21 day degradation experiment demonstrated TNT conversion to 4-amino-2,6-DNT and 2-amino-4,6-DNT, with a simultaneous reduction in the total concentration of nitroaromatics. Addition of inoculum stimulated the TNT degradation process. The presence of the sludge sol…
Acute hazard of biocides for the aquatic environmental compartment from a life-cycle perspective
2019
One of the aims of the European project LIFE-COMBASE is to build a computational tool to predict the acute toxicity for aquatic organisms of biocidal active substances and its environmental degradation products. A database was implemented compiling toxicity data for these substances in organisms of the freshwater/marine and sewage treatment plant compartments. The goal of this study is to analyze the compiled data to identify the possible hazard of these compounds for the aquatic compartments. Several official and scientific databases were consulted. Data from 196 biocidal substances and 206 environmental metabolites were collected for the taxonomic groups, including fish, invertebrates, al…
A calcined clay fixed bed adsorption studies for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions
2021
Abstract A natural clay material from southern Tunisia was used as a low cost sorbent in a column-wise removal of metal pollutants. This is fundamentally important for a sustainable wastewater treatment strategy. This work has been performed within the framework of a project aiming to the valorization of natural geomaterials, from Tunisia, in several environmental applications. Column adsorption experiments were carried out for a better production of cleaner effluents and further understanding of the main mechanisms involved in the removal process, through a dynamic methodology, that would allow an industrial scale treatment. A calcined clay sample was used as an adsorbent for the removal o…
Retour en formation et parcours d'études atypiques : déterminants et valorisation sur le marché du travail
2019
Life long learning appears as a major concern for our societies. After leaving the educational system, learning can imply returning to school or continuing education. Academic careers in France seem less and less linear. Young peopleare encouraged to make the most of college breaks in order to diversify their experiences. During their career, they are to be trained to « be free to choose their professional future », as mentions a new law. This thesis, then, aims atidentifying the reasons why people go back to training and at stuying how such returns are seen by the labor market.This work includes a preliminary chapter and three other chapters, each with specific data. Based on a literature …
Efficient Capture of Organic Dyes and Crystallographic Snapshots by a Highly Crystalline Amino-Acid-Derived Metal-Organic Framework
2018
The presence of residual organic dyes in water resources or wastewater treatment systems, derived mainly from effluents of different industries, is a major environmental problem with no easy solution. Herein, an ecofriendly, water-stable metal-organic framework was prepared from a derivative of the natural amino acid l-serine. Its functional channels are densely decorated with highly flexible l-serine residues bearing hydroxyl groups. The presence of such a flexible and functional environment within the confined environment of the MOF leads to efficient removal of different organic dyes from water: Pyronin Y, Auramine O, Methylene Blue and Brilliant Green, as unveiled by unprecedented snaps…