Search results for "weed"
showing 10 items of 321 documents
Conception et évaluation de systèmes de culture innovants : le cas exemplaire de la Protection Intégrée contre la flore adventice
2009
Pas de résumé
La collection de semences adventices de l’UMR Agroécologie (Dijon)
2019
National audience; Les semences adventices peuvent survivre dans le sol durant de nombreuses années. Le stock semencier constitue ainsi un point fondamental du développement des communautés adventices, en lien avec leur stratégie de survie. Son étude apparaît donc comme un point crucial dans la compréhension de la dynamique des adventices. Au sein de l’UMR Agroécologie, des travaux sont menés pour étudier différents processus biologiques liés au cycle de vie des adventices, les phénomènes de résistance des adventices aux herbicides ainsi que les interactions entre les adventices et d’autres organismes (prédation des graines par des insectes par exemple). Pour soutenir ces activités de reche…
Ecophysiological analysis of the nitrophily of weed species
2013
International audience
The role and management of crop-weed interactions in agroecological cropping systems
2020
International audience
CoSAC, un projet pour la conception de stratégies durables de gestion des adventices dans un contexte de changement (climat, pratiques agricoles, bio…
2016
The CoSAC project associates partners from research and development in order to (1) quantify and understand, with experiments, the effects of novel agricultural practices on weeds and the functioning of the agroecosystem, (2) design tools that predict the effect of agricultural techniques et pedoclimate on weed flora, (3) use these tools to design sustainable weed management strategies and to evaluate their performances in contexts of changing agricultural practices, climate, biodiversity, (4) facilitate the adoption of these novel strategies by farmers. We will present the first results of the project, e.g. the effect on weeds of cover crops during fallow or associated to a cash crop, the …
Simulation study of the effects of intensified crop management in genetically manipulated maize on arable weed flora and associated fauna
2014
International audience; Cultivation of GM crops with herbicide tolerance is mostly associated with changes in crop and weed management, like simplified rotations, simplified tillage and change from selective herbicides to the broadband glyphosate. All of these management practices decrease weed densities in crops and change their composition. Although weeds cause yield loss and harvest problems, they are an important part of arable biodiversity and offer food and habitat for different groups of animals. A simulation study was conducted to analyse indirect effects of intensified cropping in GM maize on biodiversity. The dynamic crop: weed model FlorSys was used to simulate weed densities and…
Adapting cropping system to delay herbicide resistance. A simulation study
2014
Weeds have evolved resistance to numerous herbicides, and their management becomes increasingly expensive and difficult. Here we (1) adapted the existing weed dynamics simulation model AlomSys to account for target-site resistance to acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase)-inhibiting herbicides in Alopecurus myosuroides by integrating wild and mutant target-site resistant (TSR) genotypes, mutations, fitness costs and seed immigration, and (2) ran simulations testing different crop management practices for their ability to delay resistance evolution and/or control of TSR plants. Simulations of an oilseed rape/winter wheat/winter barley rotation showed that TSR plants exceeded 1 plant/m² appro…
Assessing the effect of changes of agricultural practices accompanying herbicide-tolerant crops on agricultural biodiversity. A simulation study with…
2014
International audience
Proposing a set of simulation-based indicators to assess harmfulness and biodiversity resulting from weeds in agroecosystems
2013
International audience; Weeds are both a harmful pest and an important trophic resource for many biotic components. Moreover, herbicide use must be reduced to limit its impact on environment and human health. Consequently, new cropping systems are needed that both maximise weed-related biodiversity and minimise weed harmfulness. Weed dynamics models are increasingly used to design innovative cropping systems but they only consider weed densities and/or crop yield loss. Thus, the objective of the present study was to develop a set of indicators to assess weed-related harmfulness and biodiversity and to connect them to the FLORSYS model. The FLORSYS model is to date the only multispecific wee…
Identification of potential mycoherbicides using a metabarcoding approach
2018
National audience