Search results for "wheat"

Résistance aux inhibiteurs de l'ALS: gare aux dicots ! Après le coquelicot et les matricaires, la stellaire fait de la résistance

2012

SPE GEAPSI

The spatial and temporal distribution of carabid and weed seed predation in winter wheat: a comparison between conventional and conservation agricult…

2013

Carabids can be key players in weed seed predation within arable crops under temperate climate. Field management options, because they affect carabid communities, may represent potential levers to increase weed seed predation levels within fields. Among these options, Conservation Agriculture is often presented as a promising management option for carabids but its effect on weed seed predation levels is less clear. In this study, carabids and weed seed predation were monitored using a grid sampling from April till September 2011 in two adjacent winter-wheat fields in North-eastern France, one conducted as no-till with cover crop for 5 years (conservation agriculture) and the other as conven…

Intra-row weed detection in wheat at early growing stage using imaging system

2017

AGROSUPSPEEAGESTAD; In the present agroecological context, the reduction of herbicide uses becomes a substantial issue. For weed control and site specific weed management the development of new technologies is required to identify individual plant. Although many crop/weed discrimination methods have been developed, the automatic intra-row weed detection is still a challenge, particularly in wheat. An imaging system is developed to detect black grass in wheat at early growing stage. The technique mimics the method used by a human expert in such conditions. Thus, the hypocotyl diameter was used as distinguishing criterion. For experiments, the seeds of black grass and wheat were sown in recta…

Change in nitrate reducer community structure in wheat residue amended soil revealed by stable isotope probing

2007

First results of weed evolution in no tillage systems in winter wheat in France

2013

International audience; The adoption of no-tillage is presently a strong trend in Europe. If this cropping system is to be widely adopted in the 1980s in the North and South America, in Australia, no tillage is used by few farmers in France where agriculture and tillage are considered synonymous by farmers and agronomists. Weed infestation is generally described as to increase when the selection pressure due to soil tillage is reduced. The European strengthened regulations on herbicide used and the ban of transgenic crop in France does not facilitate the development of non-tillage. This communication presents the first results on the evolution of weed communities on farmer’s fields in East …

Digital tools for a biomass prediction from a plant-growth model. Application to a weed control in wheat crop

2019

International audience; Weed control is essential for crop quality and yield. Usually, the main factors affectingdecision-making of farmers in weeding are based on the presence of certain weedvarieties and their density (plants/m2). However, the weed management at the scale ofthe crop cycle refers to other competition indicators, more reliable, such as plantbiomass or leaf area index (LAI). Classically, plant biomass measurements are obtainedby a destructive method of sampling, time consuming and it turns out to be unworkablein practice for farmers. This project proposes to study an innovative method of biomassevaluation which is based on the acquisition of plot images to determine the leaf…

Evolution of the phenazine biosynthesis pathway and diversity of phenazine-producing Pseudomonas spp. in dryland wheat-producing areas of washington …

2009

Biostimulation of grapevine and wheat : mode of action and possible agronomic uses

2015

SPE IPM UBSPEIPMUB; Downy mildew, caused by Plasmopara viticola, is one of the most important grape pathogen in Europe and North America. Although the control is traditionally performed with fungicides, the appearance of resistant pathogen populations and the possible adverse effects on human and environment health are spurring the search for alternative means. In the present investigation, two protein hydrolysates of soybean (soy) and casein (cas) origin were successfully tested against P. viticola. On Vitis vinifera cv. Marselan plants, the application of soy and cas reduced the infected leaf surface by 76 and 63%, as compared to the untreated control, respectively. Since both hydrolysate…

Soil organic carbon storage capacity of old and modern wheat varieties

2022

Despite the possible mitigation of carbon emissions by favoring carbon transfer to terrestrial carbon sinks, little is knownabout the capacity of different crop genotypes to enhance soil carbon sequestration. We hypothesize that carbon sequestrationpotential linked to old wheat varieties (released before 1960) is higher than the one linked to modern ones while old varietiesare known to develop bigger and deeper root systems. Moreover, modern varieties are often cultivated using syntheticchemical inputs known to modify soil carbon dynamics. We conducted a field experiment by cultivating four modern andfour old wheat varieties, with and without chemical inputs (nitrogen, herbicide and fungici…

Analyse des effets direct et indirect des pratiques agricoles sur les adventices et la production de blé tendre d’hiver

2016

Analysis of direct and indirect effects of farming practices on weeds and winter wheat yield. Farmers implement farming practices to maximize production by limiting biotic (e.g. weeds) and abiotic (e.g. nutrient) growth factors. Our study aimed to quantify direct and indirect (through a change of weed pressure) effects of farming practices on yield. We analysed the relationships between farming practices, weeds and yield of 152 wheat fields located in the study site of Fénay (UMR Agroécologie, Dijon) using partial least square path modelling (PLS-PM). Our results showed that farming practices had a positive direct effect on crop productivity (β = 0.32). Farming practices decreased weed pres…