Search results for "wine"

A blend of polyphenolic compounds explains the stimulatory effect of red wine on human endothelial NO synthase

2005

A high intake of polyphenolic compounds is likely to have beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system. Especially red wine is a rich source of polyphenols, and we have previously shown that French red wine upregulates eNOS, a protective enzyme in the cardiovascular system. The current study tested (poly)phenolic constituents of red wine for their ability to enhance eNOS expression (and the activity of a 3.5-kb human eNOS promoter) in human EA.hy 926 endothelial cells. Of the compounds tested, we found 3,4',5-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene (trans-resveratrol) to be the most efficacious stimulator of eNOS expression (and eNOS transcription), but this compound alone could not explain the total …

Beneficial effects of Candida zemplinina in wine fermentation: lower alcohol level and higher glycerol content

2012

Use of Candida zemplinina to improve wine quality: lowering alcohol level and enhancing glycerol content

2012

Influence of fruit canopy position and maturity on yield determinants and chemical composition of virgin olive oil

2019

Background While both maturity and light exposure are important factors determining olive fruit physiology, the relationship between maturity, canopy position and optimal harvesting time has not been well-studied. To understand the interaction of these factors, olive fruits from upper and lower layers of the canopy were harvested from September to January. Maturity, moisture and fat content of the fruit as well as the quality and minor components of the oil extracted were measured. Results Lower light interception at the lower canopy positions resulted in differences in the fruits and oil extracted between canopy layers. Upper layer presented 60% of the overall production; fruit had one uni…

Grapevine row orientation mediated temporal and cumulative microclimatic effects on grape berry temperature and composition

2021

Abstract Ambient radiation and temperature are global drivers of grapevine growth, grape yield and composition, and wine quality. Knowledge of the implications of vineyard row orientation/microclimate is required for decision-making in current and future macro- and mesoclimates. Temporal and cumulative microclimatic changes, induced by vine row orientation (NS; EW; NE-SW; NW-SE) of vertically trellised Shiraz grapevines, on berry pulp temperature and composition at different ripeness levels were investigated. Berries dynamically gained heat energy relative to: ambient climate/weather; direct canopy wall/bunch irradiance; and berry skin colour development. Berries exposed to direct solar rad…

Evaluation of Small Vase and Y-trellis Orchard Systems for Peach and Nectarine Production in Mediterranean Regions

2015

Two peach planting systems, Small Vase (SV) and Y-trellis (Y), were evaluated and compared in the Mediterranean settings of Southern Italy. The two orchards were located next to each other on relatively uniform soil and terrain, and the observations included two peach (‘Rich May’ and ‘Summer Rich’) and two nectarine (‘Big Bang’ and ‘Nectaross’) cultivars. In the SV system, trees were spaced at 4.5 A— 2.5 m (888 trees/ha), whereas in the Y system, trees were spaced at 5.5 A— 2 m (909 trees/ha) and no canopy gap was left between rows. Yield per tree; fruit size grade; unit price of sold peaches for each size grade; materials, labor and associated costs for cultural management;…

High-resolution UAV imagery for field olive (Olea europaea L.) phenotyping

2021

Remote sensing techniques based on images acquired from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) could represent an effective tool to speed up the data acquisition process in phenotyping trials and, consequently, to reduce the time and cost of the field work. In this study, we assessed the ability of a UAV equipped with RGB-NIR cameras in highlighting differences in geometrical and spectral canopy characteristics between eight olive cultivars planted at different planting distances in a hedgerow olive orchard. The relationships between measured and estimated canopy height, projected canopy area and canopy volume were linear regardless of the different cultivars and planting distances (RMSE of 0.12 m…

Effect of summer pruning on some fruit quality traits in Hayward kiwifruit

2013

Introduction . The aim of our study was to analyze the effect of various levels of light availability in the fruit microenvironment (induced by summer pruning) on some fruit quality traits. Materials and methods . Two levels of summer pruning were set: removal of either 30% or 60% of the canopy leaf area. These treatments were compared with the control (unpruned vines). Two canopy layers (upper and lower) were identified in each treatment and in the control vines. At harvest, yield per cane and per shoot was recorded in the two canopy layers; fruit fresh weight, flesh firmness, total soluble solid content and total titratable acidity were measured. Fruit Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) and…

EFFECT OF CANOPY MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES ON THE NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF MONTEPULCIANO GRAPEVINE IN PUGLIA (SOUTHERN ITALY)

2012

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Aims</strong>: Tests were carried out to assess the effects of early defoliation, cluster thinning and cluster cutting on the basic and nutritional composition of musts and wines of <em>Vitis vinifera</em> L. cv. Montepulciano.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods and results</strong>: Both production and quality variables of the musts were evaluated. Antioxidant activity was determined on berries and on wines, as were the phenol and anthocyanin concentrations. The wines were compared by sensory evaluation. The results attested to a positive effect of the treatments on grape compositi…

Transbuccal tablets of carbamazepine: formulation, release and absorption pattern.

2006

Tranbsuccal drug administration is an attractive method, as it has several advantages especially with respect to peroral delivery. Here we report: i) the aptitude of carbamazepine (CBZ) to penetrate porcine buccal mucosa and reconstituted human oral (RHO) epithelium; ii) three different tablet formulations for transbuccal administration; iii) the drug release rate from tablets. CBZ permeation through the buccal mucosa was investigated by using two different bi-compartmental open models: Franz cells for porcine buccal mucosa and Transwell diffusion cells system for RHO epithelium. Results, expressed as drug flux (Js) and permeability coefficients (Kp), indicated that CBZ well penetrates the …