Search results for "yield"
showing 10 items of 1338 documents
Association of SNP markers with pea grain protein and grain yield traits in Italy : preliminary results
2013
Grain yield and quality are the main economically important traits in breeding of field pea (Pisum sativum L.). The objective of our work was investigating trait-marker associations in elite pea germplasm, with the final aim to develop marker-assisted selection procedures for these traits. The genetic base for this study was represented by three connected recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations obtained from paired crosses between three genotypes (the varieties Attika, Isard and Kaspa) which featured different geographical origin and outstanding adaptation to Italian cropping environments. At least 86 F7 lines per RIL generated by single-seed descent were evaluated for grain yield, plant …
Ex situ evaluation of grain yield in local landraces of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) from Serbia
2013
International audience; Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) originated in Central Asian centre of diversity. Faba bean is one of the most ancient cultivated plant species in the world, along with several other grain legumes, and cereals. Numerous archaeobotanical fi ndings, supported by rich linguistic evidence (1), witness its early and rapid distribution during Neolithic from Near East to Europe, North Africa and Central and East Asia and an important role it had in everyday diets of the ancestors of modern Old World nations. Today, faba bean is one of the most important annual legume crops for human consumption, animal feeding and for non-food purposes. Conservation and sustainable utilisation of …
Are No-Till Herbicide-Free Systems Possible? A Simulation Study
2022
Conservation agriculture (CA) allows farmers to reduce costs and enhance soil health, buttends to increase either weed infestation and associated crop yield loss, and/or herbicide use.We aimed to investigate how much tillage contributes to reducing weed infestation and yieldloss, and which systems and weed species are the most affected if tillage is deleted. Wecollected farming practices on 395 arable cropping systems from Spain and France, andsimulated them over 30 years and with 10 weather repetitions, using FLORSYS. This processbased model (Colbach et al., 2021, Field Crops Res 261:108006) simulates daily multi-speciesweed floras and crop canopies from cropping systems and pedoclimate ov…
Analyse des effets direct et indirect des pratiques agricoles sur les adventices et la production de blé tendre d’hiver
2016
Analysis of direct and indirect effects of farming practices on weeds and winter wheat yield. Farmers implement farming practices to maximize production by limiting biotic (e.g. weeds) and abiotic (e.g. nutrient) growth factors. Our study aimed to quantify direct and indirect (through a change of weed pressure) effects of farming practices on yield. We analysed the relationships between farming practices, weeds and yield of 152 wheat fields located in the study site of Fénay (UMR Agroécologie, Dijon) using partial least square path modelling (PLS-PM). Our results showed that farming practices had a positive direct effect on crop productivity (β = 0.32). Farming practices decreased weed pres…
Strategic tillage in Conservation Agriculture : consequences on weed communities and winter wheat productivity
2021
In Europe, Conservation Agriculture is currently challenged by higher weed pressure, potential glyphosate ban andreduced crop yield. The introduction of strategic tillage could be a viable option to diversify selection pressures onweeds and increase crop yield. Three types of fallow management (ploughing (CT), reduced tillage (RT), no-till withglyphosate (NT)) were compared on four fields after 17 years of no-plough, which ended with 7 years of NT. Weeddensity, weed composition, crop productivity and yield components were assessed in the following winter wheat.The reintegration of tillage after 17 years of Conservation Agriculture proved to be a major driver of weed communities before weedi…
Carbon storage in soils by ancient and modern wheat varieties
2022
Les émissions anthropiques de gaz à effet de serre sont le principal moteur du changement climatique. Le plan Climat, issu de la COP 21 tenue à Paris en 2015, vise à atteindre la neutralité carbone à l'horizon 2050. Pour atteindre cette neutralité carbone, les gaz à effet de serre doivent d'abord être stabilisés, puis fortement réduits au cours du siècle prochain. Dans cette dynamique, l'initiative « 4 pour 1000 » fixe comme objectif d'atteindre un taux de croissance annuel du stock de carbone dans les sols de 0,4% par an. Ce stockage additionnel devrait compenser les émissions de CO2 dans l'atmosphère liée aux activités humaines. Les sols agricoles sont identifiés comme un compartiment de …
Tracking Ideal Varieties and Cropping Techniques for Agroecological Weed Management: A Simulation-Based Study on Pea.
2022
Book of abstract p.110-111; International audience; Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is a key diversification crop but current varieties are not verycompetitive against weeds. The objective of this study was to identify, depending on the typeof cropping system and weed flora, (1) the key pea parameters that drive crop production,weed control and weed contribution to biodiversity, (2) optimal combinations of peaparameter values and crop-management techniques to maximise these goals. For this, virtualexperiments were run, using FLORSYS, a mechanistic simulation model (Colbach et al., 2021,Field Crops Res 261:108006). This individual-based 3D model simulates daily crop-weed seedand plant dynamics over t…
Effect of different processing methods on the quality of obtained pomegranate juice
2019
Pomegranate juice has many health properties as the fruits contain anticarcinogenic, antimicrobial and antiviral compounds. Its consumption has greatly increased throughout the world in recent years due to the potential of its different components, polyphenols and anthocyanins mostly. Many studies have been performed on the pomegranate juice yield demonstrating its influence on the organoleptic and physicochemical properties of the juice. Commercial pomegranate juice production involves pressing the fruits. As a consequence, there is a need to investigate the pressing machine types and adjustment in order to maximize juice yield and enhance its health properties. The aim of this study was t…
Molar growth yields ofZymomonas mobilis on glucose after the transition from anaerobic to aerobic continuous growth
1999
An increase in the molar growth yield (Y X/S = 14.3-20.3 g/mol) on glucose (25 mM) was achieved after the transition of Zymomonas mobilis ATCC 29191 from anaerobic to aerobic steady state growth at dilution rates of D = 0.31-0.40 1/h and under oxygen-unlimited conditions. The transfer of anaerobically or aerobically grown steady state cells into a fresh medium resulted in the higher values of Y X/S . A positive correlation was established between biomass and acetaldehyde yield within the range of 5-9 mM acetaldehyde in the medium. An inhibitory effect of the exogenously added acetaldehyde (Kj = 16.7 ± 2.8 mM) on the ATPase activity was observed in vitro, using cell-free extracts of anaerobi…
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Synthesis of Spongian Diterpenes. Total Synthesis of the Furanoditerpene (-)-Spongia-13(16),14-diene.
2010
Abstract An effective diastereoselective synthesis of the marine-sponge metabolite (−)-spongia-13(16),14-diene 1 is achieved starting from S-(+)-carvone via a homochiral phenanthrenone as the key intermediate for the construction of the furan ring system. S-(+)-Carvone was transformed into the phenanthrenone 2a in six steps (53% overall yield), using an intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction as the key step. Conversion of the enone function in 2a into an epoxyaldehyde function followed by cyclisation and aromatisation in acid conditions completed the construction of ring D.