0000000000000223

AUTHOR

Henriette Farkas

0000-0003-2929-1721

showing 22 related works from this author

International consensus and practical guidelines on the gynecologic and obstetric management of female patients with hereditary angioedema caused by …

2012

Background There are a limited number of publications on the management of gynecologic/obstetric events in female patients with hereditary angioedema caused by C1 inhibitor deficiency (HAE-C1-INH). Objective We sought to elaborate guidelines for optimizing the management of gynecologic/obstetric events in female patients with HAE-C1-INH. Methods A roundtable discussion took place at the 6th C1 Inhibitor Deficiency Workshop (May 2009, Budapest, Hungary). A review of related literature in English was performed. Results Contraception : Estrogens should be avoided. Barrier methods, intrauterine devices, and progestins can be used. Pregnancy : Attenuated androgens are contraindicated and should …

Complement C1 Inactivator ProteinsAbortionCardiovascularEcallantidechemistry.chemical_compoundDelivery Obstetric; Complement C1 Inactivator Proteins; Humans; Infant Newborn; Breast Neoplasms; Genetic Counseling; Pregnancy; Lactation; Genital Diseases Female; Infant; Contraception; Hereditary Angioedema Types I and II; Menstruation; Pregnancy Complications Cardiovascular; Chemoprevention; Prenatal Diagnosis; Menopause; FemalePregnancyIcatibantPrenatal DiagnosisImmunology and AllergyfertilityHereditary Angioedema Types I and IItreatmentObstetricsVaginal deliveryMenstruationContraceptioncontraceptionGenital DiseasesHereditary angioedemaFemalepregnancyMenopausedeliverymedicine.symptomComplement C1 Inhibitor ProteinDeliverymedicine.drugmedicine.medical_specialtyPregnancy Complications CardiovascularImmunologyBreast NeoplasmsGenetic CounselingIntrauterine deviceChemopreventionbreast cancermedicineHumansLactationGynecologyPregnancygenetic counselingAngioedemabusiness.industryangioedemaInfant NewbornInfantObstetricDelivery ObstetricNewbornmedicine.diseasehereditary angioedemaPregnancy ComplicationsSettore MED/16 - ReumatologiachemistryC1 inhibitor deficiencybusinessGenital Diseases FemaleJournal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
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IHAE-Qol: Specific Health-Related Quality Of Life (HRQoL) Questionnaire In Hereditary Angioedema Due To C1 Inhibitor Deficiency (HAE-C1INH)

2014

Health related quality of lifePediatricsmedicine.medical_specialtyC1 inhibitor deficiencybusiness.industryImmunologyHereditary angioedemaImmunology and AllergyMedicinebusinessmedicine.diseaseJournal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
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Disease expression in women with hereditary angioedema

2008

Udgivelsesdato: 2008-Jun-11 OBJECTIVE: Fluctuations in sex hormones can trigger angioedema attacks in women with hereditary angioedema. Combined oral contraceptive therapies, as well as pregnancy, can induce severe attacks. The course of angioedema may be very variable in different women. STUDY DESIGN: Within the PREHAEAT project launched by the European Union, data on 150 postpubertal women with hereditary angioedema were collected in 8 countries, using a patient-based questionnaire. RESULTS: Puberty worsened the disease for 62%. Combined oral contraceptives worsened the disease for 79%, whereas progestogen-only pills improved it for 64%. During pregnancies, 38% of women had more attacks, …

PediatricsDiseaseMESH: HormonesMESH: Pregnancy0302 clinical medicinePregnancyMESH: ProgesteroneMESH: ChildImmunopathologyMESH: Contraceptives Oral CombinedMESH: Puberty030212 general & internal medicineskin and connective tissue diseasesProgesteronemedia_commonMESH: Middle AgedMESH: Complement Hemolytic Activity AssayMESH: Angioedema HereditaryVaginal deliveryfood and beveragesObstetrics and GynecologyMESH: Complement C4[SDV.MHEP.EM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Endocrinology and metabolismMiddle AgedMenstruation3. Good healthContraceptives Oral CombinedMESH: Pregnancy ComplicationsPillHereditary angioedemaFemalemedicine.symptomAdultmedicine.medical_specialtyMESH: PedigreeMESH: Complement C1 Inactivator ProteinsMESH: Menstruation[SDV.MHEP.GEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Gynecology and obstetrics03 medical and health sciencesmedicineMESH: AngioedemaHumansmedia_common.cataloged_instanceEuropean unionPregnancyMESH: HumansAngioedemabusiness.industryPubertyAngioedemas HereditaryMESH: AdultDelivery Obstetricmedicine.diseaseHormonesMESH: RecurrenceSurgeryMESH: Abdominal PainPregnancy Complications030228 respiratory systemMESH: Delivery ObstetricbusinessMESH: FemaleAmerican Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
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Long-Term Outcomes with Subcutaneous C1-Inhibitor Replacement Therapy for Prevention of Hereditary Angioedema Attacks: An Open-Label Extension Study …

2018

medicine.medical_specialtybiologybusiness.industryC1 Esterase Inhibitor ProteinExtension studymedicine.diseaseC1-inhibitorInternal medicineHereditary angioedemabiology.proteinLong term outcomesMedicineOpen labelbusinessSSRN Electronic Journal
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Side Effects Of Long-Term Treatment With Danazol And Stanozolol In Hereditary Angioedema

2007

Danazolmedicine.medical_specialtyLong term treatmentbusiness.industryImmunologyHereditary angioedemamedicineImmunology and Allergymedicine.diseasebusinessDermatologyStanozololmedicine.drugJournal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
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Functional C1-inhibitor diagnostics in hereditary angioedema: Assay evaluation and recommendations

2008

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by recurrent episodes of potentially life-threatening angioedema. The most widespread underlying genetic deficiency is a heterozygous deficiency of the serine protease inhibitor Cl esterase inhibitor (C1-Inh). In addition to low C4 levels, the most important laboratory parameter for correct diagnosis of HAE or angioedema due to acquired C1-Inh deficiency is reduced C1-Inh function (fC1-Inh). No direct recommendations about the assays for fC1-Inh or sample handling conditions are available, although this would prove especially useful when a laboratory first starts to offer assays on fC1-Inh for HAE diagnosis. In the p…

ImmunologyMESH: Complement C1 Inactivator ProteinsEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayMESH: Blood Specimen CollectionComplement C1 Inactivator Proteins[SDV.IMM.II]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Innate immunityC1-inhibitor03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicinemedicineHumansImmunology and AllergyMESH: Angioedemaheterocyclic compoundsAngioedema030304 developmental biologySample handlingBlood Specimen Collection0303 health sciencesMESH: HumansAngioedemabiologybusiness.industryTemperatureAutosomal dominant traitMESH: Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assaybiochemical phenomena metabolism and nutritionrespiratory system[SDV.MHEP.EM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Endocrinology and metabolismSerum samplesmedicine.diseasebacterial infections and mycosesMESH: Temperature3. Good healthC1 esteraserespiratory tract diseases030228 respiratory systemImmunologyHereditary angioedemabiology.proteinmedicine.symptombusinessJournal of Immunological Methods
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Psychometric Field Study of Hereditary Angioedema Quality of Life Questionnaire for Adults:HAE-QoL

2016

Background: Hereditary angioedema due to C1 inhibitor deficiency (C1-INH-HAE) may affect health-related quality of life (HRQoL). A specific HRQoL questionnaire for adult patients with C1-INH-HAE, the HAE-QoL, has recently been developed in Spain. Objective: The objective of this study was to perform a cross-cultural validation and psychometric study of the HAE-QoL in an international setting. Methods: Cross-cultural adaptation of the Spanish HAE-QoL draft version and an international rating phase with experts were performed. The resultant version of the HAE-QoL, a clinical questionnaire, and Short Form 36-item Health Survey Version 2.0 (SF-36v2) were pilot tested internationally. Item reduc…

AdultMaleQuality of lifemedicine.medical_specialtyCIENCIAS MÉDICAS Y DE LA SALUDPsychometricsPsychometricsIntraclass correlationMedicina ClínicaSF-36v203 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineCronbach's alphaSurveys and QuestionnairesmedicineHumansImmunology and AllergyAdults030212 general & internal medicineAlergiasHAE-QoLPsychiatryDisease-specificHereditary angioedemaC1 inhibitorbusiness.industryQuestionnaireAngioedemas Hereditarymedicine.diseaseMental healthhumanitiesExploratory factor analysis030228 respiratory systemConvergent validityValidation studiesItem reductionHereditary angioedemaQuality of LifeFemalebusinessPsychometric
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The international WAO/EAACI guideline for the management of hereditary angioedema – the 2017 revision and update

2018

Hereditary Angioedema (HAE) is a rare and disabling disease. Early diagnosis and appropriate therapy are essential. This update and revision of the global guideline for HAE provides up-to-date consensus recommendations for the management of HAE. In the development of this update and revision of the guideline, an international expert panel reviewed the existing evidence and developed 20 recommendations that were discussed, finalized and consented during the guideline consensus conference in June 2016 in Vienna. The final version of this update and revision of the guideline incorporates the contributions of a board of expert reviewers and the endorsing societies. The goal of this guideline up…

MaleAftercare32 Biomedical and Clinical SciencesLanadelumabC1-inhibitorDiseaseGuidelineRecommendations0302 clinical medicinePregnancyDiagnosisImmunology and Allergy030212 general & internal medicinePrecision MedicineChildHereditary angioedemaConsensus conferenceSelf-administrationManagementGRADEHereditary angioedemaFemaleComplement C1 Inhibitor ProteinQuality of lifeAdultPulmonary and Respiratory Medicinemedicine.medical_specialtyWhat treatmentConsensusAdolescentHealth Planning GuidelinesImmunologyMEDLINEDysfunctional family7.3 Management and decision makingYoung Adult03 medical and health sciencesRare DiseasesQuality of life (healthcare)Clinical ResearchTerminology as TopicIndividualized therapymedicineHumansLactationFinal versionProphylaxisbusiness.industryPreventionAngioedemas HereditaryGuidelinePrecision medicinemedicine.disease3211 Oncology and Carcinogenesis030228 respiratory systemFamily medicineTherapybusiness7 Management of diseases and conditions
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European Consensus for Gynecologycal and Obstetric Management of Women with Hereditary Angioedema due to C1-Inhibitor Deficiency (HAE): PREHAEAT

2007

Settore MED/16 - Reumatologiamedicine.medical_specialtyPediatricsC1 inhibitor deficiencybusiness.industryImmunologyHereditary angioedemamedicineImmunology and Allergymedicine.diseasebusinessSurgeryJournal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
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Long-term outcomes with subcutaneous C1-inhibitor replacement therapy for prevention of hereditary angioedema attacks

2019

Background For the prevention of attacks of hereditary angioedema (HAE), the efficacy and safety of subcutaneous human C1-esterase inhibitor (C1-INH[SC]; HAEGARDA, CSL Behring) was established in the 16-week Clinical Study for Optimal Management of Preventing Angioedema with Low-Volume Subcutaneous C1-Inhibitor Replacement Therapy (COMPACT). Objective To assess the long-term safety, occurrence of angioedema attacks, and use of rescue medication with C1-INH(SC). Methods Open-label, randomized, parallel-arm extension of COMPACT across 11 countries. Patients with frequent angioedema attacks, either study treatment-naive or who had completed COMPACT, were randomly assigned (1:1) to 40 IU/kg or …

AdultMalePediatricsmedicine.medical_specialtyAdolescentInjections SubcutaneousAttack rateC1-inhibitor03 medical and health sciencesYoung Adult0302 clinical medicinemedicineLong term outcomesImmunology and AllergyHumans030212 general & internal medicineddc:610Adverse effectChildAgedbiologyAngioedemabusiness.industryIncidence (epidemiology)Angioedemas HereditaryMiddle Agedmedicine.diseaseOptimal managementTreatment Outcome030228 respiratory systemHereditary angioedemabiology.proteinFemalemedicine.symptombusinessComplement C1 Inhibitor Protein
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Evidence-based recommendations for the therapeutic management of angioedema owing to hereditary C1 inhibitor deficiency: consensus report of an Inter…

2011

Angioedema owing to hereditary deficiency of C1 inhibitor (HAE) is a rare, life-threatening, disabling disease. In the last 2 years, the results of well-designed and controlled trials with existing and new therapies for this condition have been published, and new treatments reached the market. Current guidelines for the treatment for HAE were released before the new trials and before the new treatments became available and were essentially based on observational studies and expert opinion. To provide evidence-based HAE treatment guidelines supported by the new studies, a conference was held in Gargnano del Garda, Italy, from September 26 to 29, 2010. The meeting hosted 58 experienced HAE ex…

medicine.medical_specialtyEvidence-based practiceAngioedemabiologybusiness.industryImmunologyAlternative medicineLanadelumabmedicine.diseaseC1-inhibitorEcallantideFamily medicineHereditary angioedemamedicinebiology.proteinImmunology and AllergyObservational studymedicine.symptombusinessmedicine.drugAllergy
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Health-Related Quality Of Life (HRQoL) In Adult Patients With Hereditary Angioedema Due To C1 Inhibitor Deficiency (HAE-C1-INH) Assessed By SF-36v2

2014

Health related quality of lifePediatricsmedicine.medical_specialtyC1 inhibitor deficiencyAdult patientsbusiness.industryImmunologyHereditary angioedemamedicineImmunology and Allergymedicine.diseasebusiness
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The European register of hereditary angioedema: Experience and preliminary results

2007

Pediatricsmedicine.medical_specialtySettore MED/16 - ReumatologiaRegister (music)business.industryImmunologyHereditary angioedemamedicinePhysical therapyImmunology and Allergymedicine.diseasebusiness
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Classification, diagnosis, and approach to treatment for angioedema:consensus report from the Hereditary Angioedema International Working Group

2014

Angioedema is defined as localized and self-limiting edema of the subcutaneous and submucosal tissue, due to a temporary increase in vascular permeability caused by the release of vasoactive mediator(s). When angioedema recurs without significant wheals, the patient should be diagnosed to have angioedema as a distinct disease. In the absence of accepted classification, different types of angioedema are not uniquely identified. For this reason, the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology gave its patronage to a consensus conference aimed at classifying angioedema. Four types of acquired and three types of hereditary angioedema were identified as separate forms from the analysis o…

medicine.medical_specialtyClinical immunologyImmunologyDiseaseC1-inhibitorurticariaimmune system diseasesVasoactivemedicineHumansImmunology and Allergycardiovascular diseasesAngioedemaskin and connective tissue diseaseseducationAngioedemabiologybusiness.industryangioedemaConsensus conferencefood and beveragesInternational working groupmedicine.diseaseDermatologySurgerydermatologyHereditary angioedemabiology.proteinmedicine.symptombusinessclinical immunology
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Antibody-mediated inhibition of FXIIa blocks downstream bradykinin generation.

2018

0301 basic medicineMaleImmunologyBradykininBradykinin03 medical and health scienceschemistry.chemical_compound0302 clinical medicineDownstream (manufacturing)Immunology and AllergyMedicineAnimalsHumansAngioedemaAntibodies BlockingMice KnockoutFactor XIIMice Inbred BALB Cbiologybusiness.industryPassive Cutaneous AnaphylaxisCell biologyMacaca fascicularis030104 developmental biologychemistry030220 oncology & carcinogenesisFactor XIIbiology.proteinAntibodyPassive Cutaneous AnaphylaxisbusinessComplement C1 Inhibitor ProteinThe Journal of allergy and clinical immunology
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Helicobacter pylori Infection as a Triggering Factor of Attacks in Patients with Hereditary Angioedema

2007

  Udgivelsesdato: 2007-Jun BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori infection is considered among the causative factors of urticaria and angioedema. Having conducted a study on 65 patients, Hungarian authors reported in 2001 that successful eradication of H. pylori is followed by a significant reduction in the number of attacks in patients with hereditary angioedema (HAE). The present study aimed to reinvestigate the relationship between H. pylori infection and the attack rate in the framework of an international collaborative study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Within the framework of the PREHAEAT project launched by the European Union, further 152 patients were studied in seven collaborating centers, an…

AdultMalePeptic UlcerHelicobacter pylori infectionmedicine.medical_specialtyAdolescentImmunologyAttack ratemacromolecular substancesHelicobacter InfectionsDisease severityInternal medicinemedicineImmunology and AllergyHumansmedia_common.cataloged_instanceIn patientAttack frequencyAngioedemaEuropean unionChildAgedmedia_commonClinical Trials as TopicHelicobacter pyloribiologyAngioedemabusiness.industryGastroenterologyGeneral MedicineMiddle AgedHelicobacter pylorimedicine.diseasebiology.organism_classificationInfectious DiseasesChild PreschoolGastritisHereditary angioedemaImmunologyFemalemedicine.symptombusinessHelicobacter
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The Expanding Spectrum of Mutations in Hereditary Angioedema.

2021

The evolution in the knowledge of rare genetic diseases such as hereditary angioedema (HAE) has increased at a parallel pace with the development of new molecular tools. The deficiency of C1 inhibitor (C1-INH) has been recognized as the main cause of HAE (HAE-C1-INH) since the 1960s, but the discovery of the wide spectrum of mutations affecting the C1-INH gene (SERPING1) was possible only from the late 1980s, when Sanger sequencing became available and more accessible worldwide. Nevertheless, the involvement of other genes in HAE was discovered only in 2006 with the description of mutations in the F12 gene in patients with HAE and normal C1-INH. In the last 3 years, advanced next-generation…

Kininogen 1Muscle ProteinsGenomicsSeverity of Illness IndexDNA sequencingC1-inhibitorPathogenesis03 medical and health sciencessymbols.namesake0302 clinical medicineImmunology and AllergyMedicineHumans030212 general & internal medicineGeneSanger sequencingGeneticsbiologybusiness.industryCalcium-Binding ProteinsAngioedemas HereditaryMembrane Proteinsmedicine.disease030228 respiratory systemHereditary angioedemaMutationbiology.proteinsymbolsbusinessComplement C1 Inhibitor ProteinThe journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice
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WAO guideline for the management of hereditary angioedema

2012

Hereditary Angioedema (HAE) is a rare disease and for this reason proper diagnosis and appropriate therapy are often unknown or not available for physicians and other health care providers. For this reason we convened a group of specialists that focus upon HAE from around the world to develop not only a consensus on diagnosis and management of HAE, but to also provide evidence based grades, strength of evidence and classification for the consensus. Since both consensus and evidence grading were adhered to the document meets criteria as a guideline. The outcome of the guideline is to improve diagnosis and management of patients with HAE throughout the world and to help initiate uniform care …

MalePediatricsdiagnosisInternational CooperationAlternative medicinePatient Care PlanningHereditary AngioedemaEcallantidemedicationsPregnancyBradykinin B2 Receptor AntagonistsHealth careWAO GuidelineImmunology and AllergyChildEvidence-Based MedicineRecombinant ProteinsChild PreschoolinternationalPractice Guidelines as TopicHereditary angioedemaFemaleKallikreinsComplement C1 Inhibitor Proteinmanagementmedicine.drugPulmonary and Respiratory Medicinelcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergymedicine.medical_specialtyEvidence-based practiceImmunologyMEDLINEGuidelinesDiagnosis DifferentialAllergy and ImmunologymedicineHumansddc:610Intensive care medicinetherapybusiness.industryDanazolAngioedemas HereditaryHAESocial SupportGuidelinemedicine.diseasePeptidesbusinesslcsh:RC581-607Rare disease
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Definition, aims, and implementation of GA [sup] 2 LEN/HAEi Angioedema Centers of Reference and Excellence

2020

This document summarizes the aims of GA2 LEN/HAEi Angioedema Centers of Reference and Excellence (ACAREs) and elaborates the requirements that ACAREs must fulfill to become certified. It also provides (see Appendix S1) background information on GA2LEN and HAEi, including HAEi member organizations and regional patient advocates, on why we need an Angioedema Center of Reference and Excellence (ACARE) program and network, and on the accreditation and certification process, governance and funding, and on the interaction with other GA2LEN networks of centers of reference and excellence. The protocols, aims, requirements, and provisions related to becoming a certified CARE are based on (a) the ex…

medicine.medical_specialtyEdema angioneuròticUrticariamedia_common.quotation_subjectImmunologyeducationGA2LENAngioedema; Center; Excellence; Management; Urticariaurticariacentres of reference and excelenceExcellenceimmune system diseasescentermedicineImmunology and AllergyCenter (algebra and category theory)Angioneurotic edemaskin and connective tissue diseasesmedia_commonudc:616.1Angioedemabusiness.industryangioedemahumanitiesreferenčni centri odličnostiMedicine; Allergy; ImmunologyFamily medicineexcellencemedicine.symptombusinessGlobal Allergy and Asthma European NetworkUrticàriamanagement
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Hereditary angiodema: a current state-of-the-art review, VII: Canadian Hungarian 2007 International Consensus Algorithm for the Diagnosis, Therapy, a…

2008

Background We published the Canadian 2003 International Consensus Algorithm for the Diagnosis, Therapy, and Management of Hereditary Angioedema (HAE; C1 inhibitor [C1-INH] deficiency) in 2004. Objective To ensure that this consensus remains current. Methods In collaboration with the Canadian Network of Rare Blood Disorder Organizations, we held the second Canadian Consensus discussion with our international colleagues in Toronto, Ontario, on February 3, 2006, and reviewed its content at the Fifth C1 Inhibitor Deficiency Workshop in Budapest on June 2, 2007. Papers were presented by international investigators, and this consensus algorithm approach resulted. Results This consensus algorithm …

Pulmonary and Respiratory MedicineConsensus algorithmmedicine.medical_specialtyCanadaC1 inhibitor deficiencyConsensus Development Conferences as TopicInternational CooperationImmunologyMEDLINEEcallantidemedicineImmunology and AllergyHumansHungarybusiness.industryAngioedemas HereditaryState of the art reviewEvidence-based medicinemedicine.diseaseBlood DisorderFamily medicineHereditary angioedemaControlled Clinical Trials as TopicbusinessAlgorithmsmedicine.drugAnnals of allergy, asthmaimmunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma,Immunology
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Long-term efficacy of danazol treatment in hereditary angioedema

2010

Background No systematic study has been published yet on the long-term efficacy of attenuated androgens in hereditary angioedema (HAE). Our aim was to conduct a follow-up study in two (German and Hungarian) cohorts of HAE patients (45 and 39 patients, respectively) undergoing uninterrupted treatment for 6 years with similar (starting dose 128 ± 78 mg per day and 136 ± 70 mg per day, respectively) and constant doses of danazol. Design The frequencies of subcutaneous, abdominal and laryngeal attacks were recorded each year. Results The annual frequency of all the three types of attacks was significantly lower during the first year of danazol treatment, compared to the last year before baselin…

Danazolmedicine.medical_specialtybusiness.industryClinical BiochemistryGender distributionGeneral Medicinemedicine.diseaseBiochemistrySurgeryInternal medicineHereditary angioedemaFemale patientCohortmedicineAnalysis of varianceYoung adultAttack frequencybusinessmedicine.drugEuropean Journal of Clinical Investigation
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Icatibant, a New Bradykinin-Receptor Antagonist, in Hereditary Angioedema

2010

BACKGROUND Hereditary angioedema is characterized by recurrent attacks of angioedema of the skin, larynx, and gastrointestinal tract. Bradykinin is the key mediator of symptoms. Icatibant is a selective bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist. METHODS In two double-blind, randomized, multicenter trials, we evaluated the effect of icatibant in patients with hereditary angioedema presenting with cutaneous or abdominal attacks. In the For Angioedema Subcutaneous Treatment (FAST) 1 trial, patients received either icatibant or placebo; in FAST-2, patients received either icatibant or oral tranexamic acid, at a dose of 3 g daily for 2 days. Icatibant was given once, subcutaneously, at a dose of 30 mg. …

medicine.medical_specialtyAngioedemabusiness.industryGeneral MedicinePlacebomedicine.diseaseSurgerylaw.inventionEcallantidechemistry.chemical_compoundRandomized controlled trialchemistrylawIcatibantAnesthesiaHereditary angioedemamedicinemedicine.symptomBradykinin receptorbusinessTranexamic acidmedicine.drugNew England Journal of Medicine
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