Supplemental Material, Supplementary_File_1 - Brain event-related potentials to phoneme contrasts and their correlation to reading skills in school-age children

Supplemental Material, Supplementary_File_1 for Brain event-related potentials to phoneme contrasts and their correlation to reading skills in school-age children by Urs Maurer, Catherine McBride, Jarmo Hämäläinen, Nicole Landi, Otto Loberg, Kaisa Lohvansuu, Kenneth Pugh, and Paavo H. T. Leppänen in International Journal of Behavioral Development

Lukivaikeuden taustalla takkuja aivoyhteyksissä

Joillekin lukemaan oppiminen voi olla vaikeaa, vaikka lapsi olisi muuten kyvykäs. Tällöin puhutaan perinnöllisestä lukivaikeudesta eli dysleksiasta. Dysleksia ilmenee yleensä myöhemmin lukemisen hitautena ja kirjoitusvirheinä. Dysleksian aivoperustaa on tutkittu jo pitkään ja perinnöllisen lukivaikeusriskin omaavien vauvojen aivovasteiden on huomattu olevan poikkeavia. Mutta miten riskivauvojen aivovasteet ovat yhteydessä myöhempään lukivaikeuteen? nonPeerReviewed

Attentional Processes in Children With Attentional Problems or Reading Difficulties as Revealed Using Brain Event-Related Potentials and Their Source Localization.

Visual attention-related processes include three functional sub-processes: alerting, orienting, and inhibition. We examined these sub-processes using reaction times, event-related potentials (ERPs), and their neuronal source activations during the Attention Network Test (ANT) in control children, attentional problems (AP) children, and reading difficulties (RD) children. During the ANT, electroencephalography was measured using 128 electrodes on three groups of Finnish sixth-graders aged 12–13 years (control = 77; AP = 15; RD = 23). Participants were asked to detect the direction of a middle target fish within a group of five fish. The target stimulus was either preceded by a cue (center, d…

Supplemental Material, Supplementary_File_2 - Brain event-related potentials to phoneme contrasts and their correlation to reading skills in school-age children

Supplemental Material, Supplementary_File_2 for Brain event-related potentials to phoneme contrasts and their correlation to reading skills in school-age children by Urs Maurer, Catherine McBride, Jarmo Hämäläinen, Nicole Landi, Otto Loberg, Kaisa Lohvansuu, Kenneth Pugh, and Paavo H. T. Leppänen in International Journal of Behavioral Development

Brain event-related potentials to phoneme contrasts and their correlation to reading skills in school-age children

Development of reading skills has been shown to be tightly linked to phonological processing skills and to some extent to speech perception abilities. Although speech perception is also known to play a role in reading development, it is not clear which processes underlie this connection. Using event-related potentials (ERPs) we investigated the speech processing mechanisms for common and uncommon sound contrasts (/ba/-/da/-/ga/ and /ata/-/at: a/) with respect to the native language of school-age children in Finland and the US. In addition, a comprehensive behavioral test battery of reading and phonological processing was administered. ERPs revealed that the children could discriminate betw…

ERP correlates of the processing of speech sound prototipicality in Hungarian dyslexic and normal readers

Unveiling the Mysteries of Dyslexia-Lessons Learned from the Prospective Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Dyslexia.

This paper reviews the observations of the Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Dyslexia (JLD). The JLD is a prospective family risk study in which the development of children with familial risk for dyslexia (N = 108) due to parental dyslexia and controls without dyslexia risk (N = 92) were followed from birth to adulthood. The JLD revealed that the likelihood of at-risk children performing poorly in reading and spelling tasks was fourfold compared to the controls. Auditory insensitivity of newborns observed during the first week of life using brain event-related potentials (ERPs) was shown to be the first precursor of dyslexia. ERPs measured at six months of age related to phoneme length identi…

Epilepsy in neuropathologically verified Alzheimer's disease

Purpose Subjects with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have been shown to be at a higher risk for epilepsy. The vast majority of the previous studies have not included a full neuropathological examination. Methods The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of epilepsy and clinicopathological characteristics in a well-defined study group of 64 subjects with AD. We evaluated the clinicopathological findings in 64 subjects (mean age at death 85 ± 8.6 years) from a longitudi-nal study cohort of patients with dementia. Results Eleven out of the 64 subjects (17%) had a history of epilepsy, which is comparable to previous studies. The subjects with AD and epilepsy were significantly younger …

Language-specific effects on auditory brain responses in children with dyslexia in four European countries

Epilepsy in neuropathologically verified Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract Purpose Subjects with Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been shown to be at a higher risk for epilepsy. The vast majority of the previous studies have not included a full neuropathological examination. Methods The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of epilepsy and clinicopathological characteristics in a well-defined study group of 64 subjects with AD. We evaluated the clinicopathological findings in 64 subjects (mean age at death 85 ± 8.6 years) from a longitudi-nal study cohort of patients with dementia. Results Eleven out of the 64 subjects (17%) had a history of epilepsy, which is comparable to previous studies. The subjects with AD and epilepsy were significantly…

Discriminatory Brain Processes of Native and Foreign Language in Children with and without Reading Difficulties

The association between impaired speech perception and reading difficulty has been well established in native language processing, as can be observed from brain activity. However, there has been scarce investigation of whether this association extends to brain activity during foreign language processing. The relationship between reading skills and neuronal speech representation of foreign language remains unclear. In the present study, we used event-related potentials (ERPs) with high-density EEG to investigate this question. Eleven- to 13-year-old children typically developed (CTR) or with reading difficulties (RD) were tested via a passive auditory oddball paradigm containing native (Finn…

Cross-linguistic study of brain responses to vowel differences in children with dyslexia in four European countries

Reproducibility of Brain Responses: High for Speech Perception, Low for Reading Difficulties

Neuroscience findings have recently received critique on the lack of replications. To examine the reproducibility of brain indices of speech sound discrimination and their role in dyslexia, a specific reading difficulty, brain event-related potentials using EEG were measured using the same cross-linguistic passive oddball paradigm in about 200 dyslexics and 200 typically reading 8–12-year-old children from four countries with different native languages. Brain responses indexing speech and non-speech sound discrimination were extremely reproducible, supporting the validity and reliability of cognitive neuroscience methods. Significant differences between typical and dyslexic readers were fou…

Separating mismatch negativity (MMN) from obligatory brain responses for speech and non-speech sounds in school-aged children

Unveiling the Mysteries of Dyslexia : Lessons Learned from the Prospective Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Dyslexia

This paper reviews the observations of the Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Dyslexia (JLD). The JLD is a prospective family risk study in which the development of children with familial risk for dyslexia (N = 108) due to parental dyslexia and controls without dyslexia risk (N = 92) were followed from birth to adulthood. The JLD revealed that the likelihood of at-risk children performing poorly in reading and spelling tasks was fourfold compared to the controls. Auditory insensitivity of newborns observed during the first week of life using brain event-related potentials (ERPs) was shown to be the first precursor of dyslexia. ERPs measured at six months of age related to phoneme length identi…

Revealing “genuine” mismatch negativity (MMN) in school-aged children