Il concetto di potestas nell'editto 'de noxalibus actionibus'. Per una ricostruzione della fase in iure del processo nossale classico

Della fase in iure del processo nossale classico i testi raccolti nei titoli 2.9 e 9.4 dei Digesta Iustiniani, rubricati rispettivamente ‘Si ex noxali causa agatur, quemadmodum caveatur’ e ‘De noxalibus actionibus’, non ci tramandano una descrizione compiuta e lineare. L’abbozzo di una sintesi si può invero rinvenire in alcuni squarci della giurisprudenza severiana,1 ma non pochi passaggi restano nell’ombra, del tutto taciuti o non adeguatamente esplicitati. Spetta quindi all’interprete, come con i frammenti di un mosaico – un mosaico nella specie intricatissimo –, cercare di ordinare i vari ‘pezzi’, raccordarli logicamente fra loro e restituire, se possibile, un insieme coerente. Il compit…

Il possesso nell'opera di Riccobono

The author estimates Riccobono’s main theories on the subject of possession, particularly with reference to the problems concerning the distinction between possession and detention and the distinction civiliter-naturaliter possidere. The study suggests the possibility of new perspectives of investigation but at the same time shows that Riccobono’s contribution to the subject still marks a milestone for any future research.

A proposito di D. 43.17.2 (Paul. 65 ad ed.)

D. 43.17.2 (Paul. 65 ad ed.), in the opinion of Giovanni Nicosia, could be referred to the interdictum de vi rather than, as suggested by Otto Lenel, to the interdictum uti possidetis. According to the author, however, a careful examination of the source supports Lenel’s opinion

Use of bitumen-stabilised ballast for improving railway trackbed conventional maintenance

Despite its many advantages, ballasted track needs frequent maintenance to ensure an adequate quality of service. However, tamping, traditionally used to correct geometry, causes ballast degradation and loosening of the already compacted ballast layer, which quickly returns the track to its pre-maintenance position. Then, other maintenance techniques such as stoneblowing, as well as diverse solutions that reinforce trackbed, have been developed to reduce ballast settlement and particles degradation. Given the need to further advance research in this field, bitumen-stabilised ballast (BSB) has started to be investigated by the authors as a feasible solution thanks to its easy and quick appl…

Vadimonium e cautio se exhibiturum in D. 2.9.2.1 (Paul. 6 ad ed.)

Novel performance-based technique for predicting maintenance strategy of bitumen stabilised ballast

Abstract Despite being the most used worldwide, railway ballasted tracks presents high maintenance cost related to ballast settlement and particle degradation. With the aim of reducing life cycle costs, bitumen stabilised ballast (BSB) has been recently proposed as a relatively cheap alternative maintenance solution to be applied to existing tracks. This study aims at assessing the potential advantages of this technology, defining a novel maintenance strategy of traditional ballasted track-beds. A protocol for the application of the BSB technology and its associated maintenance strategy is defined. To estimate minor and major maintenance operations of BSB scenario in comparison to tradition…

Bitumen stabilized ballast: a potential solution for railway track-bed

Railway ballast degradation under dynamic loads progressively leads to loss of mechanical performance and geometry of the track, so that maintenance interventions are frequently needed. In order to system- atically avoid this issue, recently solutions have been proposed to reinforce track-bed by using polyur- ethane and/or resins as well as asphalt layers among others. Nonetheless, their main limitations are related to the high initial cost and low productivity. To cope with these limitations, in this study, bitumen stabilized ballast (BSB) is proposed as a new solu- tion for ballast stabilization. This method aims at improving durability and reducing settlement by mod- ifying both stiffnes…

Sul regime classico dell'indefensio nelle azioni nossali

The paper aims to review the prevailing opinion according to which the sanctions of the indefensio in the classical noxal actions for the delicta servorum were the ductio or the missio in bona. For the author this opinion has no foundation in the texts while he thinks that the sanction in this matter was an action sine noxae deditione.

Optimización de las propiedades de emulsión de betún para la estabilización de balasto

Ballasted track, while providing economical and practical advantages, is associated with high costs and material consumption due to frequent maintenance. More sustainable alternatives to conventional ballasted trackbeds should therefore aim at extending its durability, particularly considering ongoing increases in traffic speed and loads. In this regard, the authors have investigated a solution consisting of bitumen stabilised ballast (BSB), designed to be used for new trackbeds as well as in reinforcing existing ones. This study presents the idea behind the technology and then focuses on a specific part of its development: the optimisation of bitumen emulsion properties and dosage in relat…

Occupazione clandestina e lex Plautia de vi

According to many texts of the Digesta Iustiniani, possession animo retenta of land, in case of a clandestine occupation, was not lost at once, but only if the possessor learned of the intrusion and took no steps to recover the land or the occupant repelled him. In opposition to the prevalent view the author believes that this rule applied already in the first century B.C. and supports his opinion on the ground of the lex Plautia de vi.

XII Tab. 6.3 nelle testimonianze di Cicerone

The investigation consists largely in a renewed analysis of some well-known Cicero's passages (top. 4.23; pro Caec. 19.54; de har. resp. 7.14; pro Caec. 26.74) in order to reconstruct the text of XII Tab. 6.3 and to ascertain his substantial meaning. The basic idea of the author is that the ancient wording of this provision ( usus auctoritas fundi biennium esto; ceterarum rerum annus) refers to an institution (usus auctoritas) which performed in the law of evidence, apart from special exceptions, the function of the later usucapio.

Salvatore Di Marzo

Traccia un profilo sintetico della personalità e dell'attività scientifica di Salvatore Di Marzo.

Un'ipotesi sull'origine del non usus

The author reproposes a conjecture of Giuseppe Grosso about the origin of the iura praediorum rusticorum’s loss by non-use and tries to show its ground in the sources. According to such a view the oldest rustic servitudes (iter, actus, via, aquae ductus) ended in ancient roman law, if the owner of the dominant estate abstained from exercising them for two years, by an usucapio in favour of the servient owner. Only when these rights – originally conceived as property’s forms – were regarded as iura in re aliena their non-use became an autonomous method of extinction and was extended to the other rustic servitudes and to the usufruct.

Linear and nonlinear fractional hereditary constitutive laws of asphalt mixtures

The aim of this paper is to propose a fractional viscoelastic and viscoplastic model of asphalt mixtures using experimental data of several tests such as creep and creep recovery performed at different temperatures and at different stress levels. From a best fitting procedure it is shown that both the creep one and recovery curve follow a power law model. It is shown that the suitable model for asphalt mixtures is a dashpot and a fractional element arranged in series. The proposed model is also available outside of the linear domain but in this case the parameters of the model depend on the stress level.

"La perdita della possessio animo retenta nei casi di occupazione"

È un principio sicuro del diritto romano classico che la possessio solo animo retenta di un immobile clandestinamente occupato non andava perduta fino a che il titolare non avesse per timore rinunciato al tentativo di rientro nel bene, ovvero, effettuandolo, non fosse stato respinto dall’occupante. D’altra parte, secondo quanto apprendiamo da un passo di Pomponio (D. 41.2.25.2, 23 ad Q. M.), che è il punto di partenza e il filo conduttore dell’ indagine, non è meno sicuro che tale soluzione si affermò in opposizione ad un’altra, più restrittiva, che anticipava la perdita del possesso già al verificarsi dell’invasione. Cercare di risalire alla genesi della quaestio, e illuminarne le ragioni …

Civiliter vel naturaliter possidere

The aim of the investigation is to clarify the meaning of the expressions ‘possessio civilis’ and ‘possessio naturalis’ in Roman legal sources. According to the author, possessio civilis was any possession that the ius civile (understood as a system including the ius gentium) deemed to be suitable for founding the purchase (immediate or through usucapio) of the dominium ex iure Quiritium with reference to the existence of three fundamental conditions, and in particular in that: a) headed by subjects who colud be holders of the dominium ex iure Quiritium; b) concerning things that could be acquired in civil property; c) qualified by a title able to justify the purchase of the civil property.…